APASO Wholeperson Development The integration of APASO Schoolbased

全人發展︰如何結合 APASO與校本評估 Whole-person Development: The integration of APASO & School-based Assessment 廖吳嘉儀校長、郭永強校長、莫慕貞博士 1

中、小學生 情意及社交範疇表現指標 APASO: Performance Indicators for Measuring Primary and Secondary Students’ Performance in Affective and Social Domains 莫慕貞博士 2

今天的目的Purpose of today 介紹「情意及社交範疇表現 」指標系統和量度 具，及 在學校使用的情況。 Give participants an overview of the APASO system and its applications in schools 3

Delors 報告 (1998) 教育的四個支柱: • 學會共處 Learning to live together • 學會學習 Learning to learn • 學會為人 Learning to be • 學會謀生 Learning to do Delors, J. , et al. (1998). Learning: the treasure within: Report to UNESCO of the International Commission on Education for the Twenty-first Century. 2 nd ed. Paris: UNESCO Pub. 6

學校層面的四個範籌 Source: EMB webpage 11

概念與設計Conception & Design 為EMB設計可持續使用系統 Design sustainable system for EMB Develop valid indicators y A Qu 發展高信度效度指標 alit Develop system with software ssu 發展情意及社交評估輭件套件 ran ce 香港學校教育環境 Hong Kong School Context 建立概念架構 Establish conceptual framework 13

表現指標的發展 Development of Performance Indicators 發展表現指標套件 概念架構 Development of Performance Indicators Conceptual framework 訪問、請教校長、老師、家長、EMB、及專家 Consult principals, teachers, parents, EMB, & consultants 香港或其他國家曾經用過表現指標的 Performance Indicators used in Hong Kong & elsewhere 其他國家教育目標 香港教育目標 相關文獻 Aims of Education in other countries Aims of Education HKSAR Relevant research literature 14

文獻參考 Literature review • North America • Europe (England, Scotland, the Netherlands) • Asia-Pacific, particularly HK Adaptation of Bronfenbrenner’s (1995) model for development 15

適用於小學的情意及社交表現指標 APASO Indicators for Primary Students 自我概念 Self-concept 2. 人際關係 Social Skills 3. 社交技能 Interpersonal competence 4. 歸因模式 Causal Attributions (P 5 & 1. P 6) 對學校的態度 Attitudes to school 6. 學習態度 Attitudes to learning 7. 解難 Problem solving 8. 價值觀 Values 5. 19

適用於小學的情意及社交表現指標 APASO Indicators for Primary Students • 自我概念 Self-concept n 學習自我概念 Academic self-concept (10 items) n 外貌自我概念 Appearance selfconcept (10 items) • 人際關係 Social Skills n 社交技巧Social Skills (23 items) n 不恰當的社交行為 Assertiveness (16 items) 20

適用於小學的情意及社交表現指標 APASO Indicators for Primary Students • 社交技能 Interpersonal competence (4 items) • 歸因模式 Causal Attributions for Success/Failure (for P 5 & P 6): n Effort 努力 (10 items) n Strategy 策略 (10 items) n Luck 運氣 (10 items) n Ability 能力 (10 items) 21

適用於小學的情意及社交表現指標 APASO Indicators for Primary Students • 對學校的態度Attitudes to school n 一般滿足感 General satisfaction (6 items) n 負面情感 Negative affect (7 items) n 師生關係 Teacher-student relationships (7 items) n 社群關係 Social integration (7 items) n 成就感 Achievement (6 items) n 機會 Opportunity (7 items) n 經驗 Experience (5 items) 22

適用於小學的情意及社交表現指標 APASO Indicators for Primary Students Attitudes to learning n 學習態度 Attitudes to learning (8 items) l 解難 Problem solving (5 items) l 價值觀Values n 操行School conduct (9 items) n 和諧人際關係 Social harmony (8 items) n 良好行為 Civic oriented behaviours (7 items) l 學習態度 23

適用於中學的情意及社交表現指標 APASO Indicators for Primary Students 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 自我概念 Self-concept 心理健康 Emotional well-being 人際關係 Interpersonal relationships 對學校的觀感 Attitudes to schools 學習態度 Attitudes to learning 價值觀 Values 領導才能 Leadership (中六及中七學生適用) 人生目標 Goals of life (中六及中七學生適用 ) 9. 對事業的期望 Expectation about career (中 六及中七學生適用) 33

運用 APASO 的例子 APASO可有助於 (APASO can be used to support) : 1. 描述現況及需要、建立基線 Descriptive study, needs analysis, establish baseline 2. 前測—後測設計，以評估某些改良措施的 效能Pre-test/ post-test design to test the effectiveness of interventional programs 3. 監察學校長期發展 Monitoring progress and development through longitudinal designs 34

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建立團隊精神 (Building Up Team Spirit) 3. 監察學校長期發展 Monitoring progress and development through longitudinal designs APASO 人際關係、 社交自我概念、 師生關係、 社群關係 其他人際關係、 師生關係、 社群關係的問卷、 觀察和訪問 2004/5 2005/6 2006/7 40

3. 監察學校長期發展 Monitoring progress and development through longitudinal designs 2004 - 20055 6 S S 1 1 1. 自我 　 　 , 概 S 念 S 3 5 　 S 1 2. 心理 　 　 健 S 康 3 S 1 3. 人際 - S 1 , S 5 S 1 41

適用於中學的情意及社交表現指標 APASO Indicators for Primary Students • 自我概念 (Self-concept) q 整體自我概念 General self (8 items) q 社交自我概念 Social self (10 items) q 智能自我概念 Intellectual self (10 items) q 樣貌自我概念 Appearance self (8 items) q 道德自我概念 Moral self (8 items) q 家庭自我概念 Family self (8 items) • 人際關係(Interpersonal relationships) q 社交技巧 Social skills (23 items) q 不恰當自表行為 Assertiveness (16 items) 42

適用於中學的情意及社交表現指標 APASO Indicators for Primary Students • 對學校的態度 (Attitudes to schools) q 整體滿足感 General satisfaction (6 items) q 負面情感 Negative affect (7 items) q 師生關係 Teacher student relationships (7 items) q 社群關係 Social integration (7 items) q 成就感 Achievement (6 items) q 機會 Opportunity (7 items) q 經歷 Experience (5 items) • 學習態度 (Attitudes to learning) q 表面學習策略 Surface strategy for learning (6) q 深層學習策略 Deep strategy for learning (6) q 成就學習策略 Achieving strategy for learning (6)43

適用於中學的情意及社交表現指標 APASO Indicators for Primary Students • 價值觀 – 操守, 社會和諧的重視, 公民義務 (Values) q 操守 Ethical conduct (4) q 社會和諧的重視 Social harmony (6) q 公民義務 Civic oriented behaviours (7) • 價值觀 – 社會進步的訴求 (Values) q 社會進步的訴求 Pursuit of social progress (5 items; for S 6 and S 7 only) • 測驗焦慮 Test anxiety (10) • 人際技巧 Interpersonal competence (6) 44

適用於中學的情意及社交表現指標 APASO Indicators for Primary Students l 領導才能 (S 6 and S 7) (Leadership) q 領導才能 Leadership (10 items) l 人生目標 (S 6 and S 7) (Goals of life) q 人生目標 Goals of Life (13 individual items) l 對事業的期望 (S 6 and S 7) (Expectation about career ) q Expectations of jobs and career (7 individual items) 45

使用原則 Principles of Use 68

使用原則 Principles of Use 詮釋 Interpretations: As with all data, cautious interpretation required. The data are students self reports and are general indices of affective and social outcomes. 策略性改善措施及評估 Strategic interventions and evaluations: Tools could be used by schools to evaluate social and affective training programmes in schools. 70

使用原則 Principles of Use 使用目的 What reasons are there for gathering this information? What is the purpose? 使用頻次 Don’t use any one tool too often. Six months, preferably an academic year apart. 每次使用 具(或題目)的數量 Number of scales at any one time? Dependent on age, ability and purposes. No more than 60 -80 items at any one time (less for Primary) 71

使用原則 Principles of Use 常模數據的使用 Use of norms. Cautions in use of norms (March – April 2001) 使用程序 Administration Like formal testing. Privacy and confidentiality to be ensured. 測試個別學生 Individual testing not recommended. (Social skills and assertiveness scales, under copyright agreement not to be used for individual assessment) 72