APA Writing Center Yakima Valley Community College This

APA Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

This tutorial covers: 1. General document formatting 2. Avoiding plagiarism: Citing sources - using quotes and paraphrases - identifying sources - integrating sources into your paper Documenting sources on a References page Click! Presenter: When you see this graphics. click your mouse for motion Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

What is APA? APA is a set of standards for academic papers. APA provides standards for: - General document formatting - Avoiding plagiarism by citing and documenting sources APA is commonly used in the social sciences. Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

Why use APA? Reason #1: General document formatting Formatting standards make papers look similar; not all crazy-different, you know, with funky margins and wild fonts…stuff like that. It’s like the suit you wear to the office, like professional attire: in this business, we wear this suit. Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

Why use APA? Reason #2: Avoiding plagiarism The guidelines for citing and documenting sources help you to avoid plagiarism . Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

1. General Document Formatting Header and page number EXPANDING ROSS Expanding Ross Type on white 8. 5” x 11” paper Set all margins to 1 inch 2 During the 2000 football season, the Purdue Boilermakers won the Big Ten Conference Title, earned their first trip to the Double-space everything Rose Bowl in thirty-four years, and played every game in front 12 pt. Times New Roman font of a sold-out crowd. Indent the first line of paragraphs one half-inch (or one tab) Looking ahead, we can expect growth in our top-line numbers of season-ticket holders, all of whom have expressed an interest in box-seating and better concessions. Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

1. General Document Formatting Title Page Running head: DEATH OF A CONSUMER 1. “Running head, ” colon, and short title in caps in top left corner. 2. Page number in top left corner. Death of a Consumer: Death rituals in a Market Economy Earl Bob Yakima Valley Community College 3. Full title, author name, and college name centered in middle of page. 4. Author Note containing additional class, department, acknowledgement, or contact info. Author Note This paper was written for Anthropology 210, taught jointly by Professors Wallace and Schmidt. Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College 1

2. Avoiding Plagiarism Oh yeah! This is good stuff for my paper. Plagiarism can happen whenever you use words, information, or ideas from a source. Sources can include books, articles, web pages, interviews, films, advertisements, etc. Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

What is plagiarism? Source: a book by Wyatt Earp Your paper: Frontier Justice ABBREVIATED TITLE Tighter gun control in the United States erodes Second Amendment rights. 25 5 Click! Plagiarism happens when you use words, information, or ideas from a source without identifying the source. Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

2. Avoiding plagiarism Avoid plagiarism by identifying your sources. Identify your sources by citing and documenting them. Do this in two places: A) Cite your sources in the text of your paper B) Document your sources on a References page Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

A) Citing sources in the text of your paper Identify sources in the text of your paper by: - using quotes and paraphrases - adding author name(s), year of publication, and page number Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

A) Citing sources in the text of your paper - Using quotes & paraphrases: a quick review ABBREVIATED TITLE Quotes use the exact words found in a source. 4 “Tighter gun control in the United States erodes Second Amendment rights” Quotations marks show where the exact words begin and end. Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College Click!

A) Citing sources in the text of your paper - Using quotes & paraphrases: a quick review ABBREVIATED TITLE Paraphrases tell your readers what the source said, but in your own words. stricter gun control laws would affect our constitutional rights Quotations marks are not needed. Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College 4 Click!

Are quotes and paraphrases enough? No! Quotes and paraphrases alone are not enough. “Tighter gun control in the United States erodes Second Amendment rights. ” Stricter gun control laws weaken our constitutional rights guaranteed in the Second Amendment. The quote is plagiarism because the source is not identified. Click! The paraphrase is also plagiarism because the Click! source is not identified. (The words were changed, but the idea came from a source) Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

A) Citing sources in the text of your paper Quotes and paraphrases alone aren’t enough to avoid plagiarism. Identify sources in the text of your paper by: Using quotes and paraphrases - Adding author name(s), year of publication, and page number ü Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

A) Citing sources in the text of your paper - Adding author name(s), year, and page Here’s our quote again. The author is Wyatt Earp. The words are on page 25 of his book. The book was published in 2008. Add the author name, year published, and page number to the quote. ABBREVIATED TITLE Earp (2008) argues that, 4 Click! “Tighter gun control in the United States erodes Second Amendment rights” (p. 25). Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

A) Citing sources in the text of your paper - Adding author name(s), year, and page ABBREVIATED TITLE Treat paraphrases the same as you would treat quotes. Add the author name, year of publication, and page number to the paraphrase. Earp (2008) argues that 4 Click! stricter gun control laws would affect our constitutional rights (p. 25). Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

You have two options for adding author name, year, and page number: Option 1 Option 2 Author name and year in front of the quote; page number in back. Click! Author name, year, and page number all in back. Earp (2008) points out that, “Tighter gun control in the United States erodes Second Amendment rights” (p. 25). Click! Opponents agree that, “Tighter gun control in the United States erodes Second Amendment rights” (Earp, 2008, p. 25). Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

The same two options apply to paraphrases: Option 1 Click! Earp (2008) argues that stricter gun control laws would affect our constitutional rights (p. 25). Option 2 Opponents argue that stricter gun control laws would affect our constitutional rights (Earp, 2008, p. 25). Have you noticed that page numbers always go at the end of the sentence? It’s true. Also, the year always goes with the author’s name. So, the only real decision you need to make is where to put the author’s name and year: in front, or in back. Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

A) Citing sources in the text of your paper - Adding author name(s), year, and page So, to every quote or paraphrase, add the following: 1. The last name of the author of the source. 2. The year the source was published. 3. The page number in the source where you found the words, ideas, or information. Use Option 1 (author & year in front, page number in back) or Option 2 (author, year, & page number in back). Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

Questions about options: Why two options? So you can mix it up. Which option is the best? Option 1. Why is Option 1 the best? Because you integrate sources more smoothly into the text of your paper. Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

Option 1: Using signal phrases to smoothly integrate sources into your paper Signal phrase Author last name(s) & (year) Verb of attribution – past Quote or paraphrase tense verbs Smith and Wesson (1995) argued believed claimed described explained observed pointed out reported said suggested thought wrote “Tighter gun control in the United States erodes Second Amendment rights. " Tougher gun control weakens our rights guaranteed in the Second Amendment. Smith and Wesson (1995) believed that, “Tighter gun control in the United States erodes Second Amendment rights” (p. 76). Smith and Wesson (1995) argued that tougher gun control weakens our rights guaranteed in the Second Amendment (p. 76). Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

A) Citing sources in the text of your paper You’ve seen how to avoid plagiarism in the text of your paper by identifying sources: using quotes and paraphrases ü adding author name(s), year, and page number ü Now, you try it. Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

Activity: A) Citing sources in the text of your paper Select one of the sources on the next slide and cite the source: 1) Quote or paraphrase the words. 2) Identify the source by adding author name(s), year and page number. Use Option 1 (name & year in front, page in back). 3) Write down your result. Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

Activity: Option 1 See next slide for another look at the signal phrases table. My window is a grave, and all that lies within it’s dead. William Gass 1977 Page 213 Tattoos and piercings can be seen as bodily aids in the inner struggle toward identity. Andres Martin 2003 Page 79 The secret of getting ahead is getting started. Mark Twain 1873 Page 141 I’m not a very good writer, but I’m an excellent rewriter. James Michener 1969 Page 25 We have an oversimplified perspective of why children develop as they do. Elissa Allen 1998 Page 8 of success of recent The lack initiatives suggests that medication might not be the answer for the escalating problem. Luisa Mirano 2010 Page 3 Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

Option 1: Using signal phrases to integrate sources into your paper Signal phrase Author last name(s) & (year) Verb of attribution – past Quote or paraphrase tense verbs Smith and Wesson (1995) argued believed claimed described explained observed pointed out reported said suggested thought wrote “Tighter gun control in the United States erodes Second Amendment rights. " Tougher gun control weakens our rights guaranteed in the Second Amendment. Smith and Wesson (1995) believed that, “Tighter gun control in the United States erodes Second Amendment rights” (p. 76). Smith and Wesson (1995) argued that tougher gun control weakens our rights guaranteed in the Second Amendment (p. 76). Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

2. Avoiding plagiarism Avoid plagiarism by identifying your sources. Identify your sources by citing and documenting them. Do this in two places: ü A) Cite your sources in the text of your paper B) Document your sources on a References page You’ve seen how to do A) So now, let’s do B) Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

B) Documenting sources on a References page What is a References page? It’s a bibliography of all the sources you used in your paper. It includes author names, dates, titles, book titles, names of journals or magazines, names of publishers, page numbers, etc. ABBREVIATED TITLE References Earp, W. (2008). Frontier justice: Your rights, your gun. Tombstone Law Journal, 40(4), 10 -52. Smith, B, & Wesson, B. (2006). Take our jobs, but not our guns. Sioux Falls, SD: Its entries are alphabetized by author’s last name and formatted using hanging indentation. It’s the last page of your paper, and it stands alone as its own page. Rifleman. Wild west in our nation’s capital. (2007, February 4). Washington Post, p. A 4. Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College 7

B) Documenting sources on a References page Format: Each entry on a References page has to be formatted in very specific ways, depending on the type of source. But there are some general similarities. Author (Year) address Title Name of publication Publication info Pages Earp, W. (2008). Frontier justice: Your rights, your gun. Tombstone Law Journal, 40(4), 10 – 52. Smith, B, & Wesson, B. (2006). Take our jobs, but not our guns. Sioux Falls, SD: Rifleman. Wild west in our nation’s capital. (2007, February 4). Washington Post, p. A 4. Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College Web

The differences depend on the type of source: year of publication author title Tan, A. (2005). Saving fish from drowning. New York, NY: Putnam. publisher Basic format for a book with one author. Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College place of publication

The differences depend on the type of source: author year of publicatio n title Jenkins, H. (2002). Childhood overweight: Parental perceptions and readiness for change. The Journal of School Nursing, 23, 73 -79. Retrieved from http: //jsn. sagepub. com website address title of book, journal, or website (italics) Article from an online periodical (with one author). Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

Questions about creating entries for References pages: How do I know which format to use for a particular source? Consult a style guide. Style guides have comprehensive lists with explanations and examples. The Writing Center has style guides for use in the Center. Style guides on the web: Try the Purdue Online Writing Lab: http: //owl. english. purdue. edu/ Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

2. Avoiding plagiarism Now you’ve seen it all, right? You’ve seen how to avoid plagiarism by identifying your sources in two places: ü A) Cite your sources in the text of your paper ü B) Document your sources on a References page You’ve tried A) Now, try B) Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

Activity: B) Documenting sources on a References page Let’s say you’re using this book in your paper. Here’s all the info you need to create a References page entry. Your task is to make this info match the model below. Write down your result. Source type: Book William Gass 1977 In the Heart of the Country and Other Stories New York Pocket Books Model #6: Basic format for a book with one author. Click! Tan, A. (2005). Saving fish from drowning. New York, NY: Putnam. Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

Activity: B) Documenting sources on a References page Let’s say you’re also using this article from an online periodical in your paper. Here’s all the info you need to create a References page entry. Article from an online periodical Andres Martin Teenager and Tattoos Online Journal of the AACAP Your task, again, is to make this info match the model below. 2010 Issue 45, Pages 101 - 133 Write down your result. http: //aacap. org Model #48: Article from an online periodical (with one author). Click! Jenkins, H. (2002). Childhood overweight: Parental perceptions and readiness for change. The Journal of School Nursing, 23, 73 -79. Retrieved from http: //jsn. sagepub. com Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

APA -- how it all works. Click! 1. Use a source 2. Cite the source Earp’s book Wyatt Earp 3. Document the source My paper Frontier Justice Tighter gun control in the United States erodes Second Amendment rights. ABBV TITLE My references page 4 References Earp (2008) points out that, “Tighter gun control in the United States erodes Second 25 ABBV TITLE Amendment rights” (p. 25). Earp, W. (2008). Frontier justice: Your rights, your gun. ” Tombstone Law Journal. 40(4), 10 – 52. Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College 7

APA -- how it all works In-text citations refer readers to your References page via the author’s last name. My paper ABBV TITLE My works cited page 4 ABBV TITLE Click! References Earp (2008) points out that, “Tighter gun control in the United States erodes Second Amendment rights” (p. 25). Earp, W. (2008). Frontier justice: your rights, your gun. ” Tombstone Law Journal. 40(4), 10 – 52. Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College 7

Match-Up Game: Match each in-text citation to the correct References entry. Niven (2009) states, “violent video games greatly contribute to a cultural devaluation of life” (p. 23). Proponents of the death penalty cite the effectiveness of this method in discouraging repeat offenses (Eastwood, 2007, p. 10). According to Connell, “depictions of wafer-thin celebs in the media distort the self-perceptions of many women” (as cited in Allen, 2003, p. 17). Allen, N. (2003). Model Media. Chicago, IL: Lyceum Books. Eastwood, C. (2007). The death penalty in a humanitarian world. Journal of Law and Justice, 15(2), 8 -26. Niven, D. (2009). “Licensed to kill? ” Journal of SPECTRE, 35(1), 1532. The Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

REVIEW: APA & Avoiding Plagiarism Oh yeah! This is good stuff for my paper. Whenever you use words, information, or ideas from a source…. …you must identify the source. Identify your sources by citing and documenting them: A) Cite your sources in the text of your paper B) Document your sources on a References page Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

REVIEW: APA & Avoiding Plagiarism Cite your sources in the text of your paper by: ü Using quotes and paraphrases ü Adding author names, year, and page numbers Document your sources on a References page by: ü Consulting a style guide for the right format for each type of source. Mr. Mackey says: “Plagiarism’s bad. Mmmkay? Don’t do it. That would be bad. That would be like…really, really bad. Mmmkay? ” Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

For more info… Use, or buy a style guide. Buy it once; you’ll use it through your entire college career, if not beyond. We use them; we can’t remember all this stuff! Come to the Writing Center at YVCC. We have style guides, handouts, and helpful staff. Located in G-125 (Glenn-Anthon). Make an appointment for an individual, 30 -minute consultation. Purdue Online Writing Lab: http: //owl. english. purdue. edu/ Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College

Disclaimer Individual results may vary. * You may discover discrepancies between style guides, online APA resources, suggestions from Writing Center consultants, and instructions about using APA from your instructor. When in doubt, always check with your instructor. * This is not, in fact, fine print. It’s just supposed to look like fine print, you know, as a joke– mocking fine print. I mean, yeah, sure, the font is very tiny, so in one sense I suppose it is fine print, but you certainly can’t say that it is “fine print” in the pejorative sense of that term. Writing Center - Yakima Valley Community College