APA Style Helpful Hints Objectives APA Defined APA

APA Style: Helpful Hints

Objectives Ø Ø Ø APA Defined APA Paper Formatting Headings Proper Citation The Reference Page Review Questions Ø Activity Ø

APA Defined APA = American Psychology Association Format commonly used by social scientists, businesses, and nurses Purposes Organization of Text Citation for References Publication of Manuscripts

APA Defined Most Common Papers Literature Review Research Reports General Format: 12 font Times New Roman (or other commonly used font style) 1” margin Double spaced throughout

APA Paper Formatting: Title Page Title • • Concise Upper and Lower case letters Centered Top half of page Author After title First name, MI, Last name Running head and page 1 Image obtained from http: //owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/resource/560/01/

APA Paper Formatting: Abstract Summary of article Highlights of most important information 120 words or fewer Page after title page (ex-“page 2”) Image obtained from http: //owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/resource/560/01/

APA Paper Formatting: Table of Content Optional pagedepends on nature of paper/institution If required, follows Abstract page Image obtained from http: //thewritedirection. net/drpape r/help/05 -07 -

APA Paper Formatting: Introduction Follows Abstract page Title at top Centered Provides background for and purpose of study Image obtained from http: //owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/resource/560/01/

APA Paper Formatting: Literature Review Depends on nature of paper Intro, Lit. Review, Discussion, References Collection of literary materials NOT just a summary of works- focuses on specific topic Critical Analysis Supports thesis/hypothesis of current study Image obtained from http: //bcs. bedfordstmartins. com/

APA Paper Formatting: Method Extra Credit: What is wrong with this sample page? Running Head location Bold No italics Follows Introduction (or Literature Review) Detailed and easy to duplicate 3 sections Participants Materials Procedure Image obtained from http: //sparkcharts. sparknotes. com/

APA Paper Formatting: Results Follows Methods section Summarizes data Include supporting and non supporting data Figures and tables Image obtained from http: //sparkcharts. sparknotes. com/

APA Paper Formatting: Discussion/Conclusion Can be combined with Results section “Results and Discussion” or “Results and Conclusion” Summarize findings of research Did the findings support or disprove hypothesis? Address importance of study Future research

Statistics and Measurements Listing Numbers Spell It Out <10 only Beginning A Sentence Use Numbers >10 only Grouped With Other Numbers (9 out of 72 dogs) Referring To Money, Participants, Measurements, Time Percentages, Ratios, Or In Statistics Zero In Front Of Decimals

Statistics and Measurements Statistical Symbols Italicize statistical symbols (t, F) N= total sample n=portion of sample Parentheses-Degrees of Freedom and Chi-square sample size Mathematical Equations Appropriate punctuation “If 3 a + 2 j = s, then…” Simple equations-within text Complex equations-next line Parentheses progression ( ), [ ], { } http: //owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/resource/560/22/

Headings Running Head Images obtained from http: //www. library. csi. cuny. edu/~xiao/tutorials/apa/running_head. html nd

Proper Citation Avoid Plagiarizing! Citations Within And At End Of Text One Author “…regarding academic success”(Sumner, 2012). Two Sumner, Earle, and Diaconis (2012, p. 34) discuss “… Five or More Authors Earle et al. (2012) found…” No to Five Authors …according to the academic study (Learn Well, 2012).

The Reference Page Include all cited work Hanging Indent First line to left margin Each line after ½ indent Alphabetical order by author “Anonymous" authors Non author? List by title Image obtained from http: //psychology. about. com/od /apastyle/ig/APA-Format-Examples/references. htm

The Reference Page

The Reference Page

The Reference Page Periodicals/Journal Articles Books Sumner, C. (2012). Learning well: Academic success tips. Journal of Educational Success, 20, 11 -12. Sumner, C. (2012). Learning well: Academic success tips. Baltimore, MD: Notre Dame Press. Chapters or Articles Earle, K. (2012). Write it down. In Sumner, C. Learning Well: Academic Success Tips. (pp. 13 -15). Baltimore: Notre Dame Press. Online Sources Sumner, C. (2011). Academic Excellence at Notre Dame. Retrieved March 6, 2012, from http: //www. ndm. edu/journals/cds.

Review: Questions Answer the following question based on the information you gleaned from this presentation. The running head is a shortened version of the full title of the paper. It must be No more than 50 characters– including spaces and punctuation Exactly the same as your title On the top right hand side and should be written in capital letters All of the above (see page 229 in your APA manual)

Review: Questions Answer the following question based on the information you gleaned from this presentation. When using numbers in your essay which of the following statements is true: Use words to express numbers that represent times and dates Use numerals to express numbers 10 and below Use words to express any number that begins a sentence, title or text heading None of the above

Review: Activity Using the article, “Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of hereditary spherocytosis, ” complete the following tasks. Write out the proper citation for a reference page. After reading page 456, paraphrase the subheading, “Organization of red cell cytoskeleton. ” Be sure to include a complete a citation for your paraphrase.

Write out the proper citation for a reference page. Bolton-Maggs, P. H. B. , Stevens, R. F. , Dodd, N. J. , Lamont, G. , Tittensor, P. , & King, M. J. (2004). Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of hereditary spherocytosis. British Journal of Haematology, 126, 455 -474. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1365 -2141. 2004. 05052. x

After reading page 456, paraphrase the subheading, “Organization of red cell cytoskeleton. ” Be sure to include a complete a citation for your Paraphrases will vary. Be sure to include a complete a citation for your paraphrase. (Bolton-Maggs et al. , 2004).

Resources APA Manual Student Success Center Online Resources Purdue OWL APA Style Website