APA referencing Part 1 In text citation Dr

APA referencing Part 1: In text citation Dr. Muhammad Ibrar

What is a referencing style? • Method to credit sources used in assignments/Research • Many different referencing styles • One style is used in a written piece

APA Style (6 th edition) • Consists of two main parts: 1. In text citations 2. The reference list • Important to follow all rules carefully including format, spacing, date and abbreviations. • Rules will vary according to format – book, article, report, paper, webpage, twitter post etc

When to cite • Cite when you refer to ideas, theories or research of an author • Ensure references cited have been read • Provide references for facts and figures • Provide a citation for direct quotations

In text citations in APA Style • Directs reader to full source details in the reference list • Author-date system: • Author, without initials or suffixes • Year of publication The study found that the student’s reading improved (Jones, 2014). Note: Punctuation mark after the in text citation.

Variations - in text citations 1 When the name of the author is included in the text, then only need year of publication: Brookhart (2013) describes in her book how to…… Note: There is a space between the author's name and date

Variations - in text citations 2 When citing a specific part of a source, for example, when quoting from a source "The study demonstrated that the change in assessment. . " (Fraser, 2012, p. 28). Note: lowercase "p" and space after "p. "

Variations - in text citations 3 • 2 authors - include both surnames and use & (Ridden & Heldsinger, 2014) • 3 to 5 authors - include all surnames when citing first time but only the first author surname, on any subsequent citing, followed by et al. 1. First citing (Smith, Wylie, & James, 2012) 2. Subsequent citing (Smith et al. , 2012)

Variations - in text citations 4 • 6 or more authors - only cite the surname of the first author and follow this surname by et al. For Example: (Khan et al. , 2010)

Variations - in text citations 5 When citing two or more works within one parentheses: • List in alphabetical order of the surname. • Separate citations with a semicolon. Both studies concluded… (George, 2009; Miller, 2013).

What’s wrong with these? 1. A similar result was found in a recent study by Ann Hatter. (2011) 2. In more recent studies (Jones 2013 & Smith 2012) …. 3. The author stated that “…. . ” (Walton, 2009, P. 20) 4. (Bucci et al, 2011)

Check your response 1. A similar result was found in a recent study by Ann Hatter. (2011). 2. In more recent studies (Jones, 2013; & Smith, 2012) …. 3. The author stated that “…. . ” (Walton, 2009, P p. _20). 4. (Bucci et al. , 2011).