APA Format Book 3 A Writers Research Manual

APA Format Book 3: A Writer’s Research Manual 1 of 21 Chapter 37: APA Style for Documenting Sources

General APA Format Your essay should include four major sections: References Main Body Abstract Title page Book 3: A Writer’s Research Manual 2 of 21 Chapter 37: APA Style for Documenting Sources

Title Page header: (use Insert Page Header) title flush left + page number flush right. Title: (in the upper half of the page, centered) name (no title or degree) + affiliation (university, etc. ) Book 3: A Writer’s Research Manual 3 of 21 Chapter 37: APA Style for Documenting Sources

Abstract Page header: do NOT include “Running head: ” Abstract: centered, at the top of the page Write a 150 - to 250 - word summary of your paper in an accurate, concise, and specific manner. Book 3: A Writer’s Research Manual 4 of 21 Chapter 37: APA Style for Documenting Sources

Main Body (Text) • Number the first text page as page number 3 • Type and center the title of the paper at the top of the page • Type the text double-spaced with all sections following each other without a break • Identify the sources you use in the paper in parenthetical, in-text citations Book 3: A Writer’s Research Manual 5 of 21 Chapter 37: APA Style for Documenting Sources

Reference Page • Center the title (References) at the top of the page. Do not bold it. • Double-space reference entries • Flush left the first line of the entry and indent subsequent lines • Order entries alphabetically by the surname of the first author of each work Book 3: A Writer’s Research Manual 6 of 21 Chapter 37: APA Style for Documenting Sources

APA (American Psychological Association) Uses two-part system to credit sources: 1. 2. Cites author and date of source The in-text citation leads from this brief identification, through author’s name, to full description of sources called “References” Key to citation is author’s name then the source’s date. Book 3: A Writer’s Research Manual 7 of 21 Chapter 37: APA Style for Documenting Sources

Cite the source in the paper In-text Citation In Cummings, Butler, and Kraut’s (2002) article reviewing three empirical studies on online social relationships, it was found that CMC, especially email, was less effective than Ft. F contact in creating and maintaining close social relationships. Two of the three reviewed studies focusing on communication in non-Internet and Internet relationships mediated by Ft. F, phone, or email modalities found that the frequency of each modality’s use was significantly linked to the strength of the particular relationship (Cummings, Butler, & Kraut, 2002). Book 3: A Writer’s Research Manual 8 of 21 Chapter 37: APA Style for Documenting Sources

Match the citation to References page References Cummings, J. N. , Butler, B. , & Kraut, R. (2002). The quality of online social relationships. Communications of the ACM, 45(7), 103 -108. Hu, Y. , Wood, J. F. , Smith, V. , & Westbrook, N. (2004). Friendships through IM: Examining the relationship between instant messaging and intimacy. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 10, 38 -48. Tidwell, L. C. , & Walther, J. B. (2002). Computer-mediated communication effects on disclosure, impressions, and interpersonal evaluations: Getting to know one another a bit at a time. Human Communication Research, 28, 317 -348. Underwood, H. , & Findlay, B. (2004). Internet relationships and their impact on primary relationships. Behaviour Change, 21(2), 127 -140. References Page Book 3: A Writer’s Research Manual 9 of 21 Chapter 37: APA Style for Documenting Sources

In-text Citation APA: Who Wrote It? (How entries should appear in your paper) • Individual author not named in sentence • Finding lying without other pathologies is unlikely (Healy, 2008, p. 11). • Individual author named in sentence • As Healy (2008) notes, other pathologies typically accompany lying (p. 11). • Two authors: list in order they appear in text • Legal professionals may fear that psychologists’ testimony will unfairly influence juries (Fulero & Wrightsman, 2009, p. 18). --OR-- • In Forensic Psychology, Fulero and Writsman (2009) note that attorneys are wary of influential testimony of psychologists (p. 18). Book 3: A Writer’s Research Manual 10 of 21 Chapter 37: APA Style for Documenting Sources

APA: Who Wrote It? In-text Citation • Three authors or more: Learning disabilities occur with each other, with emotional or attention disorders, or with social deficits (Fletcher, Lyon, Fuchs, & Barnes, 2006, p. 9). Thus Fletcher, Fuchs, and Barnes characterize this likelihood as “co-morbidity” (p. 9). Book 3: A Writer’s Research Manual 11 of 21 Chapter 37: APA Style for Documenting Sources

What Type of Source Is It? In-text Citation • Indirect source: quoting another author’s quote According to Claude Fischer, the belief in individualism favors “the individual over the group or institution” (as cited in Hansen, 2005, p. 5). • Government or organizational document The 2005 National Gang Threat Assessment (National Alliance of Gang Investigators Associations [NAGIA], 2005, pp. vii-viii) identified specific regional threats. Book 3: A Writer’s Research Manual 12 of 21 Chapter 37: APA Style for Documenting Sources

What type of source is it? • Database (article in an online encyclopedia) Alcohol use and abuse. (30 November 2007). In World of Health. Gale. Retrieved from http: //ic. galegroup. com • In text… According to the article “Alcohol use and abuse” (2007) published in World of Health, “quote. ” Book 3: A Writer’s Research Manual 13 of 21 Chapter 37: APA Style for Documenting Sources

Listing Sources in APA Style: References page • List sources on new page with hanging indent • Use only initials of author’s first and middle names • Use “&” instead of “and” before name of the last of several authors • Spell out names of months • Capitalize only the first word, proper names, and first word after a colon in article titles • Capitalize all the main words in the title of a journal or other periodical Book 3: A Writer’s Research Manual 14 of 21 Chapter 37: APA Style for Documenting Sources

Listing Sources in APA Style: References page • Italicize Web site, book, or periodical titles • Do not use quotation marks for article titles • Use only the first city of publisher’s location • Shorten the name of publisher, but include “Press” and “Books” • For article, give volume, issue, and any digital object identifier (DOI) • If no DOI is available, use URL of website • Omit final period after URL Book 3: A Writer’s Research Manual 15 of 21 Chapter 37: APA Style for Documenting Sources

Who Wrote It? What entries in a Reference page should look like u Individual author (note the hanging indent) O’Reilly, B. (2006). Culture warrior. New York, NY: Broadway Books. u u Two authors: Boggs, C. , & Pollard, T. Three authors or more: name three to six authors, but follow the names of more than six of the first author with the abbreviation “et al. ” Schiller, B. , Hill, C. , & Wall, S. (2012). The economy today. New York, NY: Mc. Graw-Hill. Book 3: A Writer’s Research Manual 16 of 21 Chapter 37: APA Style for Documenting Sources

Example References Page References Barclay, L. and T. Odle. (2011). Alcohol-related neurologic disease. In Laurie J. Fundukian (Ed. ), The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Retrieved from http: //galenet. galegroup. com/ Kashtan, A. (2011). This living hand: Fantasies of handwriting in the comics of Kevin Huizenga. Forum for World Literature Studies, 3(1), 81+. Retrieved from http: //ic. galegroup. com What can we learn from videogames? (2012, April 18). Tell Me More. Retrieved from http: //ic. galegroup. com Book 3: A Writer’s Research Manual 17 of 21 Chapter 37: APA Style for Documenting Sources

What Type of Source Is It? Part of a Book • Selection from a printed book Martin, P. Y. , & Hummer, R. A. (2003). Fraternities and rape on campus. In M. Silberman (Ed. ), Violence and society: A reader (pp. 215 -222). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. u Selection from an online book Brown, M. (2005). Learning spaces. In D. G. Oblinger & J. L. Oblinger (Eds. ), Educating the Net generation (chap. 12). Retrieved from http: //www. educause. edu/educatingthenetgen/ Book 3: A Writer’s Research Manual 18 of 21 Chapter 37: APA Style for Documenting Sources