APA Citation Style What is APA Style APA

APA Citation Style

What is APA Style? APA =American Psychological Association APA style is used by researchers in: � Business � Education � Health Sciences (nursing, medical assisting, etc. ) � Public Relations � Social Sciences (psychology, criminal justice, etc. ) � And More

Why Use APA Style? �Efficiently and effectively organize your writing & citing �Present yourself professionally in your work

Why Cite Your References? �Add credibility to your work �Help readers find the sources you used �Be a responsible scholar �Avoid plagiarism

References �Document research carefully �Must be correct, complete and consistent Punctuation and element order are vital �Your accuracy establishes your credibility http: //pixabay. com/en/darts-dart-game-bull-s-eye-target-155726/

References continued �Each entry on a reference list contains elements required for unique identification, including, at least: Author Title Date Publication information 1827 �When in doubt, provide more information rather than less. For example, volume, issue, edition, document number, etc.

References continued �To cite a source type not mentioned in the Citing References: APA Style guide http: //www. uww. edu/documents/library/apacit e. pdf, refer to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association 6 th ed. • If the Manual has no specific guidance for your source type, follow the format of the example that is most similar to it. • For clarification, try the APA Style Blog: http: //blog. apastyle. org/

Basic Paper Guidelines �Double-spaced. � 1” margins on all sides. � 12 -point Times New Roman font. �Two spaces after a period at the end of a sentence, but one space after commas, semicolons, and initials. Do not add spaces to DOIs or URLs. �Unsure? Check the Manual for clarification, more detail, and sample papers.

Additional References Page Guidelines �Begin on a new page at the end of your paper. �Title is centered. �Title is: References �½” (one tab) hanging indentation. �Double space (same as with paper text). �Entries arranged alphabetically by author last name. If no author is listed, alphabetize using the first citation element. �List works by the same author in chronological order. Do you know how to double-space and do hanging indentation the easy way?

APA, MLA or Turabian? Berndt, Thomas Jefferson. “Friendship Quality and Social Development. ” Current Directions in Psychological Science 11, no. 1 (2002): 7 -10. Berndt, Thomas Jefferson. “Friendship Quality and Social Development. ” Current Directions in Psychological Science 11. 1 (2002) : 7 -10. Print. Berndt, T. J. (2002). Friendship quality and social development. Current APA Directions in Psychological Science, 11(1), 7 -10.

Basics of the Reference Page What do you need to include? �Author name �Publication date �Source title �Where you found it 1827

Authors Author’s name should appear as Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. Example: Salinger, J. D. If there’s no author put the title of the work before the publication date. Example: Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary. (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.

Authors (con’t) Multiple authors? Use the & symbol. � Two authors: Geisel, T. S. , & Lewis, S. � Three to seven authors: Salinger, J. D. , Geisel, T. S. , & Lewis, S. , & � More than seven authors: Dickens, C. , Salinger, J. D. , Dickinson, E. , Geisel, T. S. , Lewis, S. , Stoker, B. , . . . Stowe, H. B. � This is different from the in-text citation rule for the same source (Dickens et al. )

Titles in References Notes on formatting: � Italicize titles of whole works (books, journals, CDs, etc. ). � Do not italicize or use quotation marks on titles of parts of works (chapters, articles, songs, etc. ). � Only capitalize the first word and proper nouns. � EXCEPTION: Journal titles are capitalized “normally, ” i. e. in title case. Book: Hard times. Journal: Dickens Quarterly Article in Journal: Green cheese. Canadian Architect.

Books Moore, L. L. , Maye, C. , & Collins, E. L. (2011). Advertising and public relations law. New York, NY: Routledge. Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. , & Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle initial. (Publication year). Book title. Publication City, State Abbreviation: Publisher.

DOI or URL? With online periodical sources, APA requires inclusion of one of two pieces of information. � DOI: A digital object identifier is assigned to a specific article and can usually be found on the first page of that article. It may also be in the article’s record in the database/webpage where the article was found. Example: doi: 10. 1016/j. maturitas. 2011. 05. 011 � URL: If there is no DOI, use the uniform resource locator for the periodical homepage, NOT the article webpage, database webpage, or article in the database. You can usually do an Internet search for the title of the journal plus the publisher name (if known) to find the journal homepage. Some databases, like those from EBSCOhost, provide this information or a link to the publisher. Example: http: //www. journals. elsevier. com/maturitas/

JOURNAL ARTICLE: two to seven authors; no DOI; paginated by issue; print Light, M. A. , & Light, I. H. (2008). The geographic expansion of Mexican immigration in the United States and its implications for local law enforcement. Law Enforcement Executive Forum Journal, 8(1), 73 -82. Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. , & Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle initial. (Publication year). Article title. Journal Title, volume number(issue number), first page-last page.

JOURNAL ARTICLE: two to seven authors; no DOI; paginated by issue; web and/or library database Sillick, T. J. , & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38 -48. Retrieved from http: //ojs. lib. swin. edu. au/index. php/ejap Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. , & Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Publication year). Article title. Journal Title, volume number(issue number), first page-last page. Retrieved from journal’s homepage URL

JOURNAL ARTICLE: two to seven authors; DOI; paginated by volume; print, web, or library database Herbst-Damm, K. L. , & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients. Health Psychology, 24, 225 -229. doi: 10. 1037/0278 -6133. 24. 2. 225 Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. , & Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle initial. (Publication year). Article title. Journal Title, volume number, first page-last page. doi: digital object identifier

Basics of In-Text Citations What do you need to include? � Author’s last name � Publication date � Page number (required if quoting, encouraged when paraphrasing) Put all of this information in parentheses, or within the text of your paper. Examples: “The moon is made of green cheese” (Dolinger, 2009, p. 99). Dolinger (2009) said, “The moon is made of green cheese” (p. 99).

Formatting Multiple authors � For one or two authors, always list both names connected by the “&” symbol when in parentheses, or “and” when not. Examples: (Geisel & Lewis) Geisel and Lewis � For 3 -5 authors, list all the first time you cite the source. After that, use the first author’s name, followed by “et al. ” Example: Salinger, Geisel, and Lewis found that… Salinger et al. stated that… � With 6 or more, just use the first author’s name, followed by et al. Example: Dickens et al. argued… No author available � Use a shortened title in parentheses (start with the first word). Example: National Library Week is in April (“Library Event Rocks, ” 2009) Article title is: Library Event Rocks Whitewater in October

Formatting Titles for In-text Citations Whole works should be italicized � Books � Journals � CDs Parts of works should be in “quotation marks” � Chapters � Journal articles � Song titles

Parenthetical Citation with Authors Sillick, T. J. , & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self -esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38 -48. Retrieved from http: //ojs. lib. swin. edu. au/index. php/ejap/ article/view/71 /100 (Sillick & Schutte, 2006, p. 40)

Parenthetical Citation without Author or Page Number Slingshot fun [Video file]. (2007, January 29). Retrieved from http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=CCm. ZYce 0 J 2 E (Slingshot fun, 2007)

References Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6 th ed. ). (2010). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

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