APA Basics By Kelley Moody BSN RN Graduate

APA Basics By Kelley Moody BSN, RN Graduate Student

Why do we use APA format? 1. Prevents plagiarism 2. Promotes organization 3. Establishes credibility 4. Allows others to see and use your sources

Can you identify a credible source? • Who is the author? • When was the material published? • What is the purpose of the source? • How is the source proved? • Is the website from an organization or author I can trust?

Credible vs. Non-Credible Sources Credible Non-credible • Journals by authors respected and well known in their fields • Websites from credible institutions • Websites with regularly updated info and a specified author • Materials published within the last 10 years or groundbreaking studies that are older than 10 years • Blogs, Facebook posts • Research articles without citations • Materials published over 10 years ago that are outdated • Websites with minimal information or those persuasive in nature

Setting Up Your Paper

Title Page • Listed as page 1 • Contains title, author’s name, and affiliated institution • 1 in. margins on all sides • Preferred typeface is Times New Roman, 12 -point font size • Double-spaced

Title Page Cont. Running Head • Top, flush left on every page • No more than 50 characters (including punctuation and spaces) • All upper case letters • Will appear on page 1 following the words “Running head: ” • All pages that follow will have the abbreviated title WITHOUT the words “Running head: ”

Abstract • • Summary of key points About 150 -250 words Begins on second page The word “Abstract” is centered on the first line Begin your summary on the following line DO NOT indent Main body will then start on page 3

Parenthetical/In-Text Citations: The Basics • Use when quoting, paraphrasing or summarizing • Follows author-date citation system (Miner, 2017) • Cite throughout your work, not at the end of the paragraph • Each reference cited must appear in the reference list and vice versa • Only use page numbers for a direct quote

Quote with author’s name in text Smith (2006) states that, “…” (p. 112). Quote with author’s name in reference This is quoted as, “. . . ” (Smith, 2006, pp. 112 -4). Paraphrasing with author’s name in text Smith (2006) stated. . . Paraphrasing author’s name in reference This fact has been stated (Smith, 2006). Source has more than one author in text Smith and Lee (2006) agree that. . . Source has more than one author in reference This is agreed upon (Smith & Long, 2006).

Multiple Authors Three to Five Authors: First In-Text Citation Subsequent In-Text Citations Smith, Long, and Carlson (2004) Smith et al. (2004) First Parenthetical Citation (Smith, Long, & Carlson, 2004) Subsequent Parenthetical Citations (Smith et al. , 2004)

Multiple Authors Six or More Authors First In-Text Citation et al. (2004) Subsequent In-Text Citations 2004) First Parenthetical Citation Subsequent Parenthetical Citations Carlson et al. (2004) (Carlson, et al. , 2004)

Reference Page • • • Appears at end of paper, on separate page Provides information needed to located your sources Double-spaced Hanging indentations The word “References” should appear at top of page Alphabetized by author’s last name

Writing References – Authors *Rules for All Reference Types* 1 Author - Last name followed by author initials Moody, K. D. 2 Authors - Last name and initials with “&” in between Moody, K. D. , & Miner, M. 3 -7 Authors - Last name and initials, commas to separate names, “&” before last author name Moody, K. D. , Stewart, J. A. , & Miner, M. More than 7 Authors- Last name and initials, commas to separate, after 6 th name use ellipses then add last author’s name (no more than 7 names total) Moody, K. D. , Stewart, J. A. , Miner, M. , Miller, F. H. , Thomas, S. T. , Smith, J. S. , … Kessel, P. H.

Citing a Periodical Basic Format: Author, A. A. , Author, B. B. , & Author, C. C. , (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages. http: //dx. dpi. org/xx. x/yyyyy • List author by last name and initials • Publication year in parentheses, followed by period • Title of article in sentence-case (only first word and proper nouns capitalized) • Periodical title italicized in title-case (capitalized like a title), followed by volume number, also italicized • DOI comes last, if no DOI use URL of website where periodical was found • If each issue of your selected periodical begins on a page 1, give the issue number in parentheses right after the volume number

Citing a Book Basic Format: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the work: Capital letter also for subtitles (6 th ed. ). Location: Publisher • • List author by last name and initials Publication year in parentheses, followed by period Title of book italicized, in sentence-case, followed by edition Location includes city and state’s postal abbreviation (St. Louis, MO)

Citing a Book Cont. If each book chapter is written by a different author, specifically cite the author that wrote the chapter you are referencing Basic Format: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of chapter. In B. B. Editor (Ed. ), Title of book (6 th ed. , pp. xx-xx). Location: Publisher List author by last name and initials Publication year in parentheses, followed by period Title of chapter in sentence-case, followed by period Include “In” followed by editors initials, last name, and “(Ed. )”, skip if there is no editor • Title of the book italicized in sentence-case • Edition if given and pages the chapter covers • Location and publisher • •

Online Sources Basic Format: Author, A. A. (date of publication). Title of document. Retrieved from http: //URL • • • Author can be person or group If no author, use title If no publication date use n. d. for no date Include retrieval date if source may change over time Do not italicize the title unless the document stands alone (books, reports, etc. )

Miscellaneous Secondary Sources (A Source within a Source): • Try to find the original (primary) source and cite that • If unavailable, give the secondary source in the reference list; in the text, name the original work and give a citation for the secondary source • Example: Miner describes theories (as cited in Moody, 2017)

Miscellaneous Headings: • Used to separate parts within the body of your paper • Five possible levels • Ask your professor if they wish you to have headings 1 Centered, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading 2 Flush Left, Boldface, Uppercase, and Lowercase Heading 3 Indented, boldface, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period. 4 Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period. 5 Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period.

Helpful Resources APA Publication Manual – provides detailed specifics on all aspects of writing Purdue Owl - details important APA rules and provides clear and accurate examples https: //owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/resource/560/01/ PSU University Libraries - provides common citation formats and other helpful resources http: //guides. libraries. psu. edu/apaquickguide Missing Pieces – provides info on how to complete references when you don’t have all the information http: //blog. apastyle. org/apastyle/2012/05/missingpieces. html

Thank You!