AP World History Chapter 33 Africa the Middle

AP World History Chapter 33 Africa, the Middle East, and Asia in the Era of Independence

• The Colonial Divisions of Africa and the Emergence of New Nations

• The Partition of South Asia: The Formation of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka

The Population Bomb • Population control difficult – cultural factors – high mortality rates

Parasitic Cities and Endangered Ecosystems • Towns – Slums become permanent – towns parasitic

Women's Subordination and the Nature of Feminist Struggles in the Postcolonial Era • Indira Gandhi – Indian politician who served as Prime Minister of India. The World's second longest serving female Prime Minister as of 2012. She was the first woman to become prime minister in India. • Corazon Aquino – The 11 th President of the Philippines and the first women to hold that. She led the 1986 People Power Revolution, which toppled Ferdinand Marcos and restored democracy in the Philippines. She was named "Woman of the Year" in 1986 by Time • Benazir Bhutto – 11 Prime Minister of Pakistan and founder of the Pakistan People’s Party.

Charismatic Populists and One-Party Rule Kwame Nkrumah, Ghana • Soviet support • Cocoa, cash crop • Deposed, 1966

Military Responses: Dictatorships and Revolutions Muslim Brotherhood • Hasan al-Banna Free Officers, 1930 s • Nationalistic • Gamal Abdul Nasser – Allied with Muslim Brotherhood Nasser • Land redistribution • Free education • Food staples regulated • Forced British from Canal zone • Israel – Six-Day War, 1967 Anwar Sadat • Negotiations with Israel Hosni Mubarak

The Indian Alternative: Development for Some of the People Indian National Congress • Social reform • Economic development • Democracy • Civil rights Jawaharlal Nehru • 1 st Indian Prime Minister • Green Revolution – Agrarian Reform • Private investment

Iran: Religious Revivalism and the Rejection of the West Pahlavi shahs • Modernization • Alienates religious leaders • Overthrown by Khomeini, 1978 Ayatollah Khomeini • Similar to Mahdi • The Mahdi is the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will rule for seven, nine or nineteen years before the Day of Judgment, the Day of Resurrection) and will rid the world of wrongdoing, injustice and tyranny. Radical reform • Sharia law • Opposition suppressed • Women more restricted War with Iraq • 1988, peace

South Africa: The Apartheid State and Its Demise Nationalist Party • Afrikaner • 1948 elections • Afrikaner rule Opposition, 1960 s Economic, political pressure, 1980 s Mandela freed, 1990 Independence, 1960 Apartheid • complete separation • African National Congress outlawed • Walter Sisulu, Nelson Mandela, Steve Biko Elections, 1994 • Mandela president

Comparisons of Emerging Nations Patterns • Some reflect traditions • Depends on continuity of native culture

AP World History Chapter 34 Rebirth and Revolution: Nation Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

East Asia in the Postwar Settlements Korea divided • Russian, American zone Taiwan • Chinese occupation • Chiang Kai-shek Japan occupied by United States Postwar decolonization • U. S. loses Philippines • Dutch: Indonesia • British: Malaya

Japanese Recovery American occupation ends, 1952 Democratization • women get the vote • unions encouraged • Shintoism no longer state religion • land redistribution • new constitution modified, 1963 Liberal Democratic Party, 1955

Korea: Intervention and War North Korea • communist • Kim Il-Sung, to 1994 South Korea • Syngman Rhee • parliamentary government North invades South, 1950 • U. S. leads UN effort • China supports North Korea • 1953, armistice or cease fire.

Emerging Stability in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore Taiwan • Guomindang retreats to Taiwan • U. S. Support Hong Kong • British colony • Chinese control, 1997 Singapore • independence, 1965

Japan, Incorporated Japan's Distinctive Political and Cultural Style • Liberal Democrat Party, 1955 -1993 – corruption raises questions • Cultural continuity • Nationalism The Economic Surge • Company unions – cooperation between management, labor • Women – traditional attitudes • Popular culture – Western influence

The Korean Miracle South Korea • Chung-hee, 1961 -1979 – military loses power – more open press, political action – new companies • Hyundai

Taiwan Rapid economic growth • More contact with China, other neighbors • Death of Chiang Kai-shek, 1978 • Gap narrows between China and Taiwan

Singapore Similar to Taiwan • Lee Kuan Yew • Authoritarian rule • Returned to China, 1997

The Pacific Rim: Common culture • Group loyalty stronger than individualism • Confucianism important in economic development • Benefit from Japanese influence • Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia follow

Mao’s China Rise of Communist China • Long March • Communism popular • Mao gaining power by 1945 • Defeat of Japan, 1949 • Communists ascendant • Land reform • First five-year plan, 1953 • Mass Line approach, 1955 • Agricultural cooperatives • Farming through collectives from 1956 • Purge of intellectuals, 1957

The Great Leap Backward The Great Leap Forward, 1958 • based on peasant communes • peasants un-cooperative • famine • ended by 1960 • Mao no longer state chairman – still head of Central Committee – replaced by pragmatists – Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoui, Deng Xiaoping

"Women Hold Up Half of the Heavens" • Communist promising legal equality • Work outside the home opportunities increase

Mao's Last Campaign and the Fall of the Gang of Four Cultural Revolution, 1965 • Zhou Enlaiinto, seclusion • Liu Shaoqui, killed • Deng Xiaoping, imprisoned (1976) The Cultural Revolution ended, 1968

Revolution in Vietnam • French Indochina utilizes for plantation labor. • Vietnamese Western-educated elite • French racism/discrimination rises • Nationalist struggle eventually led by HO CHI MINH • Post WWII – Viet Minh liberate areas of Vietnam (communist) • 1954 – Independence won from France (and U. S. ) • US supports Ngo Dinh Diem’s attempts at “liberation” – Opposed by Viet Cokg • Vietnam War emerges – Complicated by guerilla warfare and role of media

AP World History Chapter 35 The End of the Cold War and the Shape of a New Era: 1990 -2006

How does this picture illustrate modern warfare during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan?

Soviet Union Break Off Countries

How does this photo represent the end of an era and the beginning of a new global age?

What do the statues of Lenin represent? Lithuania Berlin

How do these photos illustrate the post Cold War nuclear age?

What does this photo illustrate in regards to modern genocide?

What do these pictures say about genocide moving into the 21 st century?

Spread of Democracy Spain, Portugal, Greece • Democracies Latin America • all but Cuba by 2000 Mexico • non-PRI president South Korea, Taiwan • democracy expanded Philippines • new government South Africa • apartheid ended Nigeria • democratic government, 1999 Indonesia • end of authoritarian government Georgia, Ukraine • democratic elections Uzbekistan • democratization suppressed Saudi Arabia • local elections Kuwait • women vote Palestine • local elections Egypt • Local elections military dictatorship China • Beijing demonstrations 1989

Baltic Self Determination and Violence • Break up of Yugoslavia

Iran Iraq War

What does this image suggest about the “global” community of the 21 st century?

How were the oil fires started, and why?

Contrast this photograph with other images of war throughout history.

What do these photos illustrate about the new global war on terror?

How does this photo show the cost of the modern war in Iraq?

How do these pictures show the contradictions with the war on terror in Afghanistan?