AP Psychology Learning Behaviorism Essential Task 5 1

AP Psychology Learning (Behaviorism) Essential Task 5 -1: Distinguish general differences between principles of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning.

Learning The process by which experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in behavior or potential behavior We are here Classical Conditioning The type of learning in which a response naturally elicited by one stimulus becomes to be elicited by a different formally neutral stimulus Operant Conditioning Observational/So cial-Cognitive Learning Theory The type of learning in which behaviors are emitted to earn rewards or avoid punishments The type of learning in which behaviors are learned by observing a model Pavlov and Watson B. F. Skinner Albert Bandura UCS, UCR, CS, CR Reinforcement and Punishment Modeling and Vicarious Learning

Essential Task 5 -1: Outline • 3 Types of Learning – Classical Conditioning • Definition • Key Terms • Key Psychologists – Operate Conditioning • Definition • Key Terms • Key Psychologists – Observational/Social-Cognitive Learning Theory • Definition • Key Terms • Key Psychologists

Classical Conditioning • Definition: The type of learning in which a response naturally elicited by one stimulus becomes to be elicited by a different formally neutral stimulus. • Working definition: Outline – Type of learning that happens TO someone – Person learns to respond to a stimulus. – Previously the stimulus meant nothing. – Now it means something IS ABOUT TO HAPPEN.

Examples of Classical Conditioning Phobias After the attacks, cats become a warning stimulus for pain causing fear when the child sees cats. After this botched photo, 6 ft bunny becomes warning stimulus for someone trying to capture you.

Examples of Classical Conditioning Taste Aversion After throwing up a food, it becomes a warning stimulus for getting sick.

Examples of Classical Conditioning Using Sex to Sell Advertisers pair their product with sexual imagery hoping that the product will become a ‘promising stimulus’ for sexual arousal. Hopefully this connection makes you grab their product off the self.

Examples of Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning Key Terms Book Definitions • Unconditioned Stimulus (US) – A stimulus that invariably causes an organism to responds in a specific way • Unconditioned Response (UR) – A response that takes place in an organisms whenever an unconditioned stimulus occurs • Conditioned Stimulus (CS) – An originally neutral stimulus that is paired with an unconditioned stimulus an eventually produces the desired response in an organism when presented alone. • Conditioned Response (CR) – After conditioning, the response an organism produces when only a conditioned stimulus is presented.

Key Psychologists • Ivan Pavlov Russian physiologist known primarily for his work in classical conditioning.

Key Psychologists • John B. Watson

Operant Conditioning • Definition: The type of learning in which behaviors are emitted to earn rewards or avoid punishments • Working definition: – Type of learning that happens BECAUSE SOMEONE OPERATES ON THE ENVIRONMENT – You learn to do things to earn rewards and to avoid punishment

Examples of Operant Conditioning Working You go to work to get rewarded by a paycheck

Examples of Operant Conditioning Coming home by curfew You come home by curfew to avoid getting yelled at.

Examples of Operant Conditioning Superstitious Behavior You do things you know have no real impact on reality because that one time you did it, the team won.

Examples of Operant Conditioning Going to school. You take challenging courses, do lots of work so that you can. . . ?

Key Terms in Operant Conditioning • Reinforcer – A stimulus or event that follows a behavior and makes that behavior more likely to occur again – Two types (positive and negative) • Punisher – A stimulus or event that follows a behavior and makes that behavior less likely to occur again

Key Psychologist • B. F. Skinner

Obeservational/Social-Cognitive Learning Theory • Definition: The type of learning in which behaviors are learned by observing a model • Working definition: – Type of learning that happens just by watching. Outline

Examples of Observational/Social. Cognitive Learning Theory Video Games By watching hours of people shoot each other, gamers learn more aggressive behaviors.

Examples of Observational/Social. Cognitive Learning Theory Gender Roles By watching parents and society, we learn our gender roles.