AP Human Geography Theoretical Model Review Mr Stepek

AP Human Geography Theoretical Model Review Mr. Stepek

Unit 6: Industrialization and Economic Development

World Systems Model Three-Tier Structure • Core-periphery model • Dominant advanced core exploits periphery • Applies globally • national/regional • Legacy of colonialism • Neo-colonialism Core : Processes that incorporate higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology Generates more wealth in the world economy Semi-periphery: Places where core and periphery processes are both occurring. Places that are exploited by the core but then exploit the periphery, serves as a buffer between core and periphery Periphery: Processes that incorporate lower levels of education, lower salaries, and less technology. Generates less wealth in the world economy

The Three-Tier System

Human Development Index (How is it measured? How is it distributed? )

Indicators of development • Human Development Index (HDI) • 4 factors used to measure (UN) and other factors considered in differentiating between MDC/LDCs: • Economic = • (1) gross national income (GNI) per capita • Other • Types of jobs, productivity, consumer goods • Social = • (2) mean years of schooling and • (3) expected years of schooling • Other (health and welfare measures) • Demographic • (4) life expectancy

Brandt’s Line (North-South Split)

Brandt’s Line MODIFIED (North-South Split)

Economic Development Models Self-sufficiency model • Govt. supports local industries through protectionism • Tariffs • Leads to inefficient businesses • Large bureaucracy • Corruption • Consumers pay more • No longer favored

Economic Development Models Self-sufficiency model • Govt. supports local industries through protectionism • Tariffs • Leads to inefficient businesses • Large bureaucracy • Corruption • Consumers pay more • No longer favored • • • Rostow’s International Trade “Take-Off” Model Raw materials exported elite gain profits infrastructure created innovation spreads economic diversification High consumption • wealth Inequity measured by GINI coefficient (modifies GDP)

Economic Development Models Self-sufficiency model • Govt. supports local industries through protectionism • Tariffs • Leads to inefficient businesses • Large bureaucracy • Corruption • Consumers pay more • No longer favored • • • Rostow’s International Trade “Take-Off” Model Raw materials exported elite gain profits infrastructure created innovation spreads economic diversification High consumption • wealth Inequity measured by GINI coefficient (modifies GDP) • Widely accepted • WTO, World Bank, IMF, structural adjustment loans • NGOs

United Nations Millenium Goals

Political Ecology • impact of laws and policy on the environment and environmental justice • Sustainable development • Cap and trade • International agreements • Kyoto Protocol (US vs. developing countries) • Paris Agreement

Weber’s Least Cost Theory of Industrial Location • Location determined by effort to minimize costs • Situation factors: transportation (bulk-gaining vs. bulk -reducing) • Site factors: labor, land, capital • Agglomeration: clustering of businesses to access common customers, advantageous site factors

Industry and Economic Development Sample FRQ #1

Industry and Economic Development Sample FRQ #1 Rubric

Industry and Economic Development Sample FRQ #1 Rubric

Industry and Economic Development Sample FRQ #1 Rubric

Industry and Economic Development Sample FRQ #2

Industry and Economic Development Sample FRQ #2 Rubric