AP Government and Politics Federalism Chapter 3 Problem

AP Government and Politics Federalism Chapter 3

Problem #1 – Factions and Accumulation of Power n Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists n Federalists = Those who want a national government that shares powers and sovereignty with state governments n n n Stronger government needed because Article of Confederation weren’t cuttin’ the mustard. Shay’s rebellion highlights need for a strong, central gov. Anti-Federalists = Those who wanted national government to be equal to or weaker than state governments. Happy with confederation. n Don’t want strong president, could be next king

Federalism Basics Rare system n Most governments are unitary n n BC gets power/$ from Michigan Dual Federalism – Layer Cake n Cooperative Federalism – Marble Cake n

How Did the Central Government Get the Upper Hand 4 Events 1. Implied Powers 2. Commerce Power 3. The Civil War 4. Racial Equality

1. Implied Powers National bank created – Not everyone happy n Mc. Culloch v. Maryland was very important n Established supremacy of national gov over states n National gov. has implied powers – THIS IS HUGE n n Article I, Section 8… (enumerated powers) n n Coin money, regulate commerce, regulate money SC rules that to carry out enumerated powers, national government has implied powers Create a national bank to implement Article I, Section 8 n Necessary and Proper Clause or Elastic Clause n

2. Commerce Power n Gibbons v. Ogden defines “commerce” broadly, expands national gov. power n n Gilded Age regulation of economy decreases n n Article I, Section 8…again! Barons of Industry and Laissez-Faire Great Depression increased national government power n New Deal = Mucho Power

3. The Civil War n War over state and national government powers n Southern states created a confederation…Hence “the Confederacy” n Union victory solidified national government power over the states

4. Racial Equality – Mid 20 th Century n Brown v. Board of Education n Education (left to states) must be equal. National government’s role to enforce the 14 th Amendment (equal protection clause) supersedes states’ rights to control education Government action in 1960 s expands power – selective incorporation of Bill of Rights to states n n n Civil Rights Act 1964 Voting Rights Act 1965 War on Poverty - LBJ

Devolution Transferring responsibility from federal government to the state/local governments n Republican Revolution of 1994 n n Push for devolution Democrats and Republicans since late 1990 s have moved back towards stronger central government n Tea Party 2010 and beyond? n