AP Biology Macroevolution Part 1 Apoptosis Programmed Cell

AP Biology Macroevolution Part 1

Apoptosis “Programmed Cell Death… it’s in the DNA. ”

Pattern Formation

Positional Information

Speciation Pathways Anagenesis Cladogenesis

Species Male and Female Blue Footed Boobies

Pre-zygotic and postzygotic barriers Prezygotic barriers impede mating or hinder fertilization if mating does occur Habitat isolation Temporal isolation Behavioral isolation Individuals of different species HABITAT ISOLATION Mechanical isolation Gametic isolation Mating attempt TEMPORAL ISOLATION BEHAVIORAL ISOLATION Fertilization MECHANICAL ISOLATION GAMETIC ISOLATION Postzygotic barriers prevent a hybrid zygote from developing into a viable, fertile adult Reduced hybrid viability Reduced hybrid fertility Hybrid breakdown Viable, fertile offspring Fertilization REDUCED HYBRID VIABILITY REDUCED HYBRID FERTILITY HYBRID BREAKDOWN

Ecological Species concept Tertiary consumers Microorganisms and other detritivores Detritus Secondary consumers Primary producers Heat Key Chemical cycling Energy flow Sun

Phylogenetic Species concept Species Percent of Amino Acids That Are Identical to the Amino Acids in a Human Hemoglobin Polypeptide Human 100% Rhesus monkey 95% 87% Mouse 69% Chicken 54% Frog Lamprey 14%