AP Biology Cellular Respiration Aerobic Cell Resp Chem

AP Biology Cellular Respiration

Aerobic Cell Resp Chem Equation C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + Heat + Free E Cellular Respiration • G=-686 k/cal per mole glucose • A negative G means Free E is available to do work. • We use this Free E to make ATP ( G=-7. 1 k/cal per ATP)

Redox reaction

Energy Coupling between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Light energy ECOSYSTEM Photosynthesis in chloroplasts Organic+ O CO 2 + H 2 O molecules 2 Cellular respiration in mitochondria ATP powers most cellular work Heat energy

Is Oxygen present?

ATP Structure

Phosphorylation using Free energy Substrate-level Phosphorylation

“Making” of electron carriers • NAD⁺ +2 electrons + H⁺ ion = NADH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide • FAD + 2 electrons + 2 H⁺ ions = FADH₂ flavin adenine dinucleotide

Process of Cellular Respiration

Energy Investment Phase & Phosphofructokinase

Energy Payoff Phase

Glycolosis

Pyruvate Conversion MITOCHONDRION CYTOSOL NAD+ NADH + H+ Acetyl Co A Pyruvate Transport protein C 21 H 36 N 7 O 16 P 3 S; CO 2 Coenzyme A

Kreb’s Cycle Simplified

Actual Kreb’s Cycle

Electron Transport Chain is located on the inner FOLDED membrane

Electron Transport Chain (Proteins are H+ Pumps)

“Building” the proton concentration gradient Glycolysis Citric acid cycle ATP Inner mitochondrial membrane Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis ATP H+ H+ H+ Intermembrane space H+ Cyt c Protein complex of electron carriers Q III I II FADH 2 Inner mitochondrial membrane NADH + H+ IV ATP synthase FAD 2 H+ + 1/2 O 2 H 2 O NAD+ Mitochondrial matrix ATP ADP + P i (carrying electrons from food) H+ Electron transport chain Electron transport and pumping of protons (H+), Which create an H+ gradient across the membrane Oxidative phosphorylation Chemiosmosis ATP synthesis powered by the flow of H+ back across the membrane

ATP Synthetase Complex using kinetic movement of H+ (protons)

Electron Transport chain creating a concentration gradient in a Thylakoid

Energy Payoff Phase Need to keep Glycolysis going

Alcohol Fermentation Bacteria and Yeast

Lactic Acid Fermentation Animals such as yourself

Miller Urey experiment

Macromolecule Utilization in Cellular Respiration Proteins Amino acids Carbohydrates Sugars Glycerol. Fatty acids Glycolysis Glucose Glyceraldehyde-3 - P NH 3 Fats Pyruvate Acetyl Co. A Citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation

Amino Acid Basic Structure a carbon Amino group Carboxyl group

Basic lipid Structure Ester linkage Fat molecule (triacylglycerol)

Phosphofructokinase (Puts on the SECOND ATP)

Negative Feedback

. Allosteric enzyme with four subunits Regulatory site (one of four) Active site (one of four) Activator Active form Oscillation Nonfunctional active site Allosteric activator stabilizes active form. Inactive form Stabilized active form Allosteric inhibitor stabilizes inactive form. Inhibitor Allosteric activators and inhibitors Stabilized inactive form