AP Bio DesignaSpecies Genetics Project Genetics follows certain
AP Bio Design-a-Species Genetics Project Genetics follows certain rules, as illustrated by principles of dominance and recessiveness, rules related to the location of alleles on chromosomes, and Punnett squares. In animals, certain traits are expressed in predictable ways. In this project you are going to design an imaginary species that follows the genetic rules that apply to living organisms. Your creature should have at least 6 identifiable genetic traits from the following list: ‣ 2 single-allele traits ‣ 1 codominate trait (or incomplete dominance) ‣ 2 multiple allele trait ‣ 1 sex-linked trait Include any 5 phenotypes of your choice – (fur, feather or scale color; ear size or shape; the presence or absence of antlers; overall body size or shape; etc. )
Include all of the following elements: ‣ Two full images, 1 male, 1 female (or 2 of the same sex if individuals exhibit dimorphism), with different genotypes. Each image should have the genotype listed for all traits. ‣ Descriptions & images of each of the traits showing genotypes and phenotypes (can be partial views). ‣ A hypothetical pedigree for one of the single allele traits that includes at least 5 generations using standard rules. ‣ A dihybrid cross using the 2 single-allele traits - list the phenotypic ratios. ‣ Illustrate evolutionary relationships to other actual or hypothetical organisms in a phylogenetic tree or cladogram. ‣ 5 practice word problems based on your creature (on a separate sheet). Your final project should be displayed on poster board or poster paper. Name your organism using Linnaean nomenclature and a common name, which will serve as the main title for your poster. Title example – Genetics of the Common Ungainly Clodhopper Plebius ponderousea
Use the Pedigree Analysis sheet and page 220 in the textbook for guidelines on how to make a hypothetical pedigree chart for your organism. pp P- Pp Pp Pp P- pp pp P- Pp Pp P- P- Be sure to include genotypes for the individuals in your pedigree.
Illustrate evolutionary relationships of your creature to other actual or hypothetical organisms in a phylogenetic tree or cladogram.
Word Problem Examples In the sun-basking hyrax, a medium size rodent native to East Africa, homozygous hyrax have fur that is either black or white. The heterozygous hyrax have fur that is uniformly gray. What pattern of inheritance is expressed in fur color in hyrax? In Peculularia plants, yellow seeds are dominant to green seeds. Smooth seeds are dominant to wrinkled seeds. Two plants that are heterozygous for both traits are crossed. If there a total of 5000 offspring, what number would be expected to have green, wrinkled seeds? In snaggletoothed sand snakes, the number of teeth is polygenic. The recessive condition (aabbcc) results in a toothless snake, and the dominant condition (AABBCC) results in a snake with 6 teeth. There are 5 other possible variations. How many teeth would a Aa. Bb. Cc snaggletoothed sand snake have? How many would a AABBcc snaggletoothed sand snake have? How many would a aa. Bbcc snaggletoothed sand snakes have?
Here are some VERY basic examples of how to illustrate the phenotypes & genotypes. You need to illustrate each of the genetic traits listed, however you should use partial views. In other words, you don’t need to draw the entire creature to show the variety of different phenotypes. Single Allele Trait (head shape) RR (round) Rr (round) Single Allele Trait (hair) rr (oval) HH (curly) Codominant Trait (mouth shape) MM (smiley) Mm (straight) mm (frowny) Hh (curly) hh (straight)
Multiple Allele Trait (eye shape) Sex-linked Trait (noses) E = circle eyes F = straight eyes G = dot eyes EG = circle/dot eyes XNXN female, no nose (straight eyes are dominant, circle and dots are codominant) XNXn female, no nose FF or FG or FE EE Xn. Xn female, nose . . GG . . EG XNY male, no nose Xn. Y male, nose
So…an individual with this GENOTYPE Rrhhmm. GGXNXn . . would exhibit these PHENOTYPES
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