AO 31 The Greeks at War The Greeks

AO 31: The Greeks at War: The Greeks defend themselves. 499 Bc-479 BC 9) Who was Themistocles? In this lesson we will: • Be introduced to Themistocles • Find out how he became so powerful • Find out how he overcame Aristides and made Athens a naval power. In this lesson we will: • Be introduced to Themistocles • Find out how he became so powerful • Find out how he overcame Aristides and made Athens a naval power.

After Marathon • After Marathon Miltiades became the most powerful politician in Athens. • But the following year he was injured in a war with Aegina. • Aristides and rich politicians used this as an excuse to arrest him. • Before his trial he died from his wounds. • Themistocles was to replace him as the champion of the people. In this lesson we will: • Be introduced to Themistocles • Find out how he became so powerful • Find out how he overcame Aristides and made Athens a naval power.

Development of rivalry between rich and poor • After Cleisthenes had freed Athens and introduced democracy in 513 BC politics began to develop. • At first the rich would buy votes – but Themistocles decided he would represent the poor. • He moved into the poor area of Athens and began to stand up for their rights. • This led to a rivalry between Themistocles and Aristides (rich) In this lesson we will: • Be introduced to Themistocles • Find out how he became so powerful • Find out how he overcame Aristides and made Athens a naval power.

Themistocles as Archon • Themistocles used his popularity (there were more poor citizens than rich citizens) to become Archon. • This made him the strongest politician. • He argued that Athens should build a port and a navy to protect it from Persia. He also wanted to improve trade. • Aristides said that this was a waste of money. In this lesson we will: • Be introduced to Themistocles • Find out how he became so powerful • Find out how he overcame Aristides and made Athens a naval power.

Silver and ostracism • When silver was discovered, Themistocles proposed that 200 ships should be built. • Aristides proposed it should be divided amongst all citizens. (he wanted to win the poor support) • Themistocles won the vote, but only for 100 ships. He argued Athens needed them to fight Aegina. • Aristides was bitter and tried to have Themistocles arrested. He failed and was ostracised (banished for 10 years) In this lesson we will: • Be introduced to Themistocles • Find out how he became so powerful • Find out how he overcame Aristides and made Athens a naval power.

Task: Read the sheet and answer the questions In this lesson we will: • Be introduced to Themistocles • Find out how he became so powerful • Find out how he overcame Aristides and made Athens a naval power.

An example paragraph • Miltiades was crucial in convincing the Athenians to fight. • (First of all we look at Herodotus)According to Herodotus Miltiades was the most important of the 10 generals chosen by the people of Athens. Miltiades convinced the war council to fight and to refuse Earth and Water. Herodotus refers in detail about how Miltiades convinces Callimarchus to fight. Whilst this is an interesting story we cannot be sure that this is accurate. Herodotus was not alive during the Battle of Marathon and relied on other people to tell him the story. It is very likely that Herodotus made this up to make his story more interesting. • (Then we go into more detail using knowledge) The Athenians were concerned that they were not going to get Spartan help and so Miltiades played an important role in convincing the Athenians to protect their democracy. His leadership inspired others to fight against their ex-tyrant Hippias and the Persians who wanted revenge. • (Finally we explain by ranking/linking the factor) In my opinion this was the most significant factor because if Miltiades had not convinced the Athenians to fight there would not have been a battle of Marathon and the Athenians would have been defeated without a fight. In this lesson we will: • Learn how to plan an essay. • Learn how to structure a paragraph. • Look at the mark scheme and write our essay.