Anxiety disorders By Hajer El Furjani Georgina Krger
Anxiety disorders By: Hajer El Furjani, Georgina Krüger and Nita Helseth
�Anxiety : normal human response to situations �Anxiety disorders: mental disorders characterized by excessive feelings of anxiety and fear �Affect more female and children �Affect 18% of Americans and 14% of Europeans �Often occur with other mental disorders
EMOTIONAL SYMPTOMS � � � Excessive worry Feeling nervous Fatigue Trouble concentrating or thinking about anything other than the present worry Sleep disturbance PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS � � � � Headache Tachycardia Tachypnoea /dyspnoea Sweating Dizziness Stomach and chest pain Diarrhea Muscle spasm
Causes �Family history of mental diseases �Stressful �Health life issues : asthma diabetes, heart diseases and hormonal problems �Substance abuse: cannabis, amphetamines, alcohol and sedatives
Types of Anxiety Disorders �Generalized anxiety disorders �Phobias �Panic disorders �Posttraumatic �Mixed stress disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder A. B. >6 months with: tension, worry and feelings of apprehension, about everyday events and problems >4 symptoms of list (see handout) Autonomic arousal symptoms (1) Palpitations or pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate. (2) Sweating. (3) Trembling or shaking. (4) Dry mouth (not due to medication or dehydration).
Phobias �Specific phobias • Animal type, natural environment type, situational type, blood-injection-injury type, and other �Agoraphobia • Fear to leave „safe“ places �Social phobias • Diagnosis: Liebowitz social anxiety scale
Panic disorders �Unexpected, recurrent panic attacks, +related behaviour change+worry about the attack's consequences �May be mistaken by heart attack
Posttraumatic stress disorder �After exposure to one or more traumatic events �Symptoms: • Flashbacks • Avoidance or numbing of memories of the event • Hyperarousal
Obsessive compulsive disorder �May develop from anxiety disorder �People feel the need to: • Check things repeatedly • Have certain thoughts repeatedly • Perform certain routines repeatedly �Unable to control thoughts or activities �Relieve after activities are performed
Treatment �Treatable with mental professionals �Two main treatments • Psychotherapy • Medications �Can use combination �Need specific treatment for each patient �Time of treatment varies
Psychotherapy �Talk therapy/psychological counselling �Cognitive-behavioral therapy �Reduce anxiety symptoms when they understand their anxiety �Increase awareness �Counteract the symptoms �Reduce or control anxiety
Medications � Antidepressants • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor • Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor � Buspirone � Benzodiazepines – relieve acute anxiety symptoms, short-term • • • Alprazolam Chlordiazepexide Diazepam Lorazepam Oxazepam
References � � � http: //www. mindhealthconnect. org. au/anxiety-symptoms http: //www. webmd. com/anxiety-panic/guide/mental-health-anxiety-disorders http: //www. healtorture. org/sites/healtorture. org/files/PSS%20 SR%20 English. pdf http: //www. nimh. nih. gov/health/topics/generalized-anxiety-disordergad/index. shtml https: //books. google. cz/books? id=44 re. FIg. FDBMC&pg=PA 53&hl=de#v=onep age&q&f=false http: //www. mayoclinic. org/diseases-conditions/generalized-anxietydisorder/basics/treatment/con-20024562, 25 th Sept 2014 http: //www. apa. org/helpcenter/anxiety-treatment. aspx, June 2010 http: //www. adaa. org/finding-help/treatment/therapy http: //www. adaa. org/finding-help/treatment/medication http: //legemiddelhandboka. no/Generelle/51824, 15 th Juli 2015 Drugs in anxiety disorders, pharmacology lecture
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