Anus Rectum and Prostate Chapter 25 Structure and

Anus, Rectum, and Prostate Chapter 25

�Structure and Function �Subjective Data—Health History Questions �Objective Data—The Physical Exam �Abnormal Findings Sli de 25 -2

Subjective Data— Health History Questions � Usual bowel routine � Change in bowel habits � Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool � Medications (laxatives, stool softeners, iron) � Rectal conditions (pruritus, hemorrhoids, fissure, fistula) � Family history � Self-care behaviors (diet of high-fiber foods, most recent examinations) Sli de 25 -3

Objective Data—The Physical Exam � Preparation ◦ Position � Equipment ◦ ◦ needed Penlight Lubricating jelly Glove Guaiac test container Sli de 25 -4

Objective Data—The Physical Exam (cont. ) Inspection of the Perianal Area � Skin � Anal opening � Sacrococcygeal area � Valsalva maneuver Sli de 25 -5

Abnormal Findings Anus and Perianal Region � Pilonidal cyst or sinus � Anorectal fistula � Fissure � Hemorrhoids � Rectal prolapse � Pruritus ani Sli de 25 -6

Pilonidal cyst or sinus Sli de 25 -7

Anorectal fistula Sli de 25 -8

Fissure Sli de 25 -9

Hemorrhoids Sli de 25 10

Pruritis Ani Sli de 25 11

Abnormal Findings Rectum � Abscess � Rectal polyp � Fecal impaction � Carcinoma Sli de 25 12

Rectal prolapse Sli de 25 13

Abnormal Findings Prostate Gland � Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) � Prostatitis � Carcinoma � Abscess � Rectal polyp � Fecal impaction � Carcinoma Sli de 25 14