Antigens and additions to WBCs Addition to yesterdays

Antigens and additions to WBC’s

Addition to yesterday’s notes (WBC’s) • Types of granulocytes • Neutrophils – most numerous WBC’s. Attracted to areas of inflammation…specialize in killing off bacteria and fungi • Kill with respiratory burst which is so much oxygen that the area around the cell becomes toxic

Granulocytes (cont. ) • Eosinophils – 2 nd most common granulocyte • Lead the charge against parasitic worms • Worms ingested in food, eosinophils release enzymes that actually eat the worms body

Granulocytes (cont. ) • Basophils – rarest WBC’s. Release histamine, an antiinflammatory. • If you have problems with allergies, it is probable that you have problems with your basophils releasing histamine.

Agranulocytes • Divided into two groups: • Lymphocytes • Monocytes • Lymphocytes: Found more in lymph nodes than the blood stream. These play the most crucial role in immunity. Two types: • T Lymphocytes: Fight viruses and tumors • B Lymphocytes: Produce antibodies against sicknesses that are released into the blood

Agranulocytes (cont. ) • Monocytes: Largest agranulocytes, with a U shaped nucleus. • Monocytes develop into macrophages, which devour foreign invaders into the cell • Specialize in defense against viruses & bacterial parasites

Blood Typing • Each person has a specific blood type. There are many different types of blood typing that Dr. ’s do • We are going to look at 2 types (both look at erythrocytes) • ABO Blood Groups • Rh Blood Groups

Key Terms • Antibodies – Proteins used by the immune system that neutralize foreign objects • Antigen – Molecule recognized by the immune system…bind to antibodies

ABO Blood Groups • 4 different blood types in ABO • A – Contain anti-B antibodies & A antigens, meaning B RBC’s would be attacked by WBC’s if placed in the body. • B – Contain anti-A antibodies & B antigens, A RBC’s would be attacked

ABO (cont. ) • AB – Contain no antibodies & both A, B antigens…universal recipient, can receive blood from all other blood types • O – Contain both anti-A and anti-B antibodies, but no antigens. Can only receive from O, but can donate to anyone…universal donor

Chart

Rh Blood Groups • Called Rh because Rh antigen found in rhesus monkey • Two types Rh+ & Rh • Rh+ -- RBC’s carry the Rh antigen • Rh- -- RBC’s do not carry the Rh antigen • Unlike ABO Group, body does not immediately attack other type of antigen if it comes into contact • Not only ABO or Rh, each person has both