Antibodies Immune System organs and tissues that work

Antibodies

Immune System organs and tissues that work together to protect the body from infection

Immune System includes skin, white blood cells, and special proteins called antibodies

White Blood Cells immune system cells that move through blood and other body fluids to protect the body against foreign cells and viruses that may cause disease

Antibodies large Y-shaped proteins found in the blood or other body fluids produced by special white blood cells

Antibodies an antibody will only bind to a specific antigen like a key that can only open a specific lock

Antigen “antibody generator” a substance on the surface of a cell or virus most often are proteins or carbohydrates antigens can stimulate special white blood cells to make antibodies our bodies recognize which antigens belong to us and which antigens are “foreign” antibodies are only produced foreign antigens

How do antibodies work? each antibody is different at the “tips” of the Y they are all built to identify and/or attack only one kind of antigen

How do antibodies work? antibodies cause antigens to stick together

ABO Blood Types human blood types are determined by antigens and antibodies two possible antigens present on the outside of human red blood cells

ABO Blood Types two antibodies made by humans to recognize “foreign” blood cell antigens

Blood Agglutination when blood types mix, the antibodies of the recipient may “stick to” the antigens of the donor blood causing clumping or clotting these “clumps” can block blood vessels causing heart attacks or strokes

Rh factor Blood Types human red blood cells blood also may contain a family of antigens called the Rh factor

Rh factor Blood Types named after the Rhesus monkey in which they were first discovered

Rh factor Blood Types agglutination can also occur because of the Rh factor antigens

Rh factor and Pregnancies Rh negative mothers who have a Rh positive child may have complications in additional pregnancies involving Rh positive children

Rh factor and Pregnancies

Pathogens antibodies attach to antigens on the outside of a pathogen – a cell or virus that can cause illness

How do antibodies work? each antibody is different at the “tips” of the Y they are all built to identify and/or attack only one kind of antigen

Pathogens antigens from pathogens are recognized by our immune systems as foreign each type of bacteria and virus produce unique antigens in other words, each type of antibody can only attack one type of virus or bacteria

Pathogens for example, an antibody built to attack the flu virus is unable to help against a cold virus antibodies cause pathogen particles to stick together makes it tougher for pathogen to move, make toxins, and replicate makes it easier for white blood cells to attack

Immunity after being exposed to a pathogen, your body remembers the antigens and has antibodies prepared for the next attack

Vaccines substances used to begin the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases introduce the body to the antigen without inducing the disease

Vaccines Brain POP Video Username: plymouth Password: panther

Types of Vaccines Live, attenuated vaccines Inactivated vaccines Subunit vaccines

Live, attenuated contain a version of the living microbe that has been weakened in the lab so it can’t cause disease

Inactivated Vaccines produce inactivated vaccines by killing the disease-causing microbe with chemicals, heat, or radiation

Subunit vaccines instead of the entire microbe, subunit vaccines include only the antigens that best stimulate the immune system

Herd Immunity What is a herd? What is its purpose? History of Vaccines Simulation

Herd Immunity immunity to a pathogen in an entire population based on the acquired immunity to it by a high percentage of its members over time helps protect people that can’t get vaccines allergic weak to vaccine ingredients immune systems (i. e. leukemia)

Summary Describe why the structure of an antibody is important to that antibody being able to perform its function.