Antibiotic resistance in agricultural settings Presented by Lisa

Antibiotic resistance in agricultural settings Presented by Lisa Durso Agricultural Research Service National Pork Board Swine Education In-Service, September 30 October 1, 2015 Chicago IL

Durso, L. M. and K. L. Cook. 2014. Impacts of antibiotic use in agriculture: what are the benefits and risks? Curr Opinion Microbiol 19: 37 -44, 2014. ,

“U. S. Tightens Rules on Antibiotics Use for Livestock” New York Times April 11, 2012 USING SMALL AMOUNTS OF ANTIBIOTICS OVER LONG PERIODS OF TIME LEADS TO THE GROWTH OF BACTERIA THAT ARE RESISTANT TO THE DRUGS’ EFFECTS, ENDANGERING HUMANS WHO BECOME INFECTED BUT CANNOT BE TREATED WITH ROUTINE ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY. AT LEAST TWO MILLION PEOPLE ARE SICKENED AN ESTIMATED 99, 000 DIE EVERY YEAR FROM HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS, THE MAJORITY OF WHICH RESULT FROM SUCH RESISTANT STRAINS. IT IS UNKNOWN HOW MANY OF THESE ILLNESSES AND DEATHS RESULT FROM AGRICULTURAL USES OF ANTIBIOTICS, BUT ABOUT 80 PERCENT OF ANTIBIOTICS SOLD IN THE UNITED STATES ARE USED IN ANIMALS.

Economic Media and Advocacy Regulatory Animal Welfare Science Animal Health Agriculture Morality and Ideals Public Health

http: //images. huffingtonpost. com/2015 -05 -01 -1430524016 -7247696 -shechitahimage. jpg Mandate to Stun Animals After Kosher Slaughter Huffington Post POSTED: 05/04/2015 12: 55 PM EDT Rabbi Shmuly Yanklowitz

Woman Herding Pigs by Cesare Saccaggi The Milk Maid by Winslow Homer

http: //dingo. care 2. com/pictures/greenliving/uploads/2014/05/Infographic_meat_antibiotics. jpg

http: //healthresearchfunding. org/11 -scary-statistics-on-antibiotic-resistance/

http: //documents. foodandwaterwatch. org/doc/Antibiotic_Resistance_101_2014. pdf#_ga=1. 104214409. 864807362. 1439555346

http: //www. canadianpharmacymeds. co m/blog/the-rise-of-antibiotic-resistantinfections/

X Economic X Media and Advocacy X Regulatory X Animal Welfare Science X Animal Health X Agriculture X Morality and Ideals X Public Health

Science

Given that we want to reduce antibiotic resistance in agricultural settings, what is the target that we want to set for reduction?

Given that we want to reduce antibiotic resistance in agricultural settings, what is the target that we want to set for reduction? What is a normal, or “natural” level of antibiotic resistance? Zero?

http: //scopeblog. stanford. edu/files/2011/09/woolly_mammoth. jpg Antibiotic resistance is ancient

30, 000 -year-old Beringian permafrost sediments and the identification of a highly diverse collection of genes encoding resistance to b-lactam, tetracycline and glycopeptide antibiotics. Nature 2011, 477: 457

Antibiotic resistance is found in pristine habitats

We report a screen of a sample of the culturable microbiome of Lechuguilla Cave, New Mexico, in a region of the cave that has been isolated for over 4 million years. We report that, like surface microbes, these bacteria were highly resistant to antibiotics; some strains were resistant to 14 different commercially available antibiotics. PLo. S ONE 2012, 7(4): e 34953

Antibiotic resistant bacteria are found on organic, antibiotic-free meat

No statistically significant differences were observed for the prevalence of S. aureus in general, or MSSA or MRSA specifically, when comparing pork products from conventionally raised swine and swine raised without antibiotics, a finding that contrasts with a prior study from the Netherlands examining both conventional and “biologic” meat products. PLo. S ONE 2012, 7(1): e 30092

becauseitsawesome. com Antibiotic resistance is common in environmental samples

Antibiotic resistance has largely been studied in the context of failure of the drugs in clinical settings. There is now growing evidence that bacteria that live in the environment (e. g. the soil) are multi-drug-resistant. Curr Opin Micobiol 2007, 10: 485

Antibiotic resistant bacteria are found in organic farming systems

Even in the absence of farm use of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance persisted in the organically raised swine. The reasons for the persistence of antibiotic resistance are likely to be multiple. These findings suggest approaches in addition to prudent antibiotic use will be important in effectively reducing resistant bacterial populations in swine. AEM 2011, 77: 7167