Anterior Muscles Word Bank Deltoid External oblique Flexor
Anterior Muscles Word Bank Deltoid External oblique Flexor carpi Seratus anterior Pectoralis major Sartorius Biceps brachii Trapezius Rectus abdominus Tibialis anterior Rectus femoris Vastus medialis Sternocleidomastoid Masseter Vastus lateralis
Posterior Muscles Word Bank Latissimus dorsi Biceps femoris Infraspinatus fascia Rhomboideus Extensor carpi radialis Extensor carpi ulnaris Semistendinosus Soleus Trapezius Gastrocnemius Triceps Gracilis Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus Extensor digitorium communis
Muscular System § The body has more than 600 muscles that make up 40 to 45% of the body’s weight
Types of Muscle Tissue § Skeletal muscle § Striated § Dark and light bands in fibers § Voluntary § Conscious control over these muscles
Muscle Tissue § Smooth or Visceral Muscles § Located: § Walls of internal organs § Respiratory and digestive tracts § Digestive tract=peristalsis § Wavelike movement § Causes contents to be propelled onward
Smooth Muscle § Unstriated § No dark and light bands § Involuntary § Under control of the autonomic nervous system
Cardiac Muscles § Indistinctly striated § Involuntary
Muscle Function
Muscle Function § § Aid in movement Provide and maintain posture Protect internal organs Provide movement of blood, food and waste products § Open and close body openings § Provide heat
How Muscles Are Named
How Muscles are Named § Muscle origin § Place where muscle begins § More fixed end nearest midline § where movement does not occurs § Muscle insertion § Place where muscle ends § End where movement occurs § Farthest from midline
How Muscles are Named § Size § Maximus § Minimus § Shape § Deltoid § Trapezius § Direction of fibers § Rectus § Oblique § Location § Anterior § Posterior § Bone § Number § Bi § Tri § Quad
Characteristics of Muscles § Irritability § Ability to respond to stimulus § Contractibility § Ability to shorten § Extensibility § Ability to stretch and lengthen § Elasticity § Ability to return to original length at rest
Muscular System § Flaccid § Soft when not contracted § Muscle tone or tonus § Normal state of balanced muscle tension required to hold body in awake position § Partial state of contraction § Muscles are ready for action
Flaccid and Tone
Tendons § Strong, fibrous connective tissue that connect muscle to bone § Achilles tendon § Located bottom of the calf (gastrocnemius muscle) § Secures that muscle to heel of bone (calcaneus)
Fascia § Fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates muscle
Fascia
Structures of Muscles § Made of bundles of muscle fibers § Basic unit causing contraction: sarcomeres § made of actin & myosin myofibrils
Contraction of Muscles § Sliding filament theory § Contain bundles of muscle fibers § Single fiber: § Fibrils containing actin & myosin filaments § During contraction, actin & myosin filaments move close together to shorten muscle
Contraction of Muscles § Results from: § Myoneural stimulation § Glucose fuels ADP-ATP cycle for release of energy § Calcium needed for reaction to occur § Produces: § Muscle contraction § Heat § Lactic acid § Carbon dioxide & water
Types of Muscle Contractions § Isotonic: shortening produces movement § Isometric: does not produce shortening or movement § Twitch: quick, jerky movement § Tetanic contraction (tetany): sustained contraction caused by stimuli in rapid succession
Types of Muscle Contractions § Fibrillation: uncoordinated contractions § Convulsions: contractions of groups of muscles in abnormal manner § Spasms: involuntary, sudden, prolonged
Muscle Movement § Pull never push on bones § Always cross a joint § Work in pairs: § Prime mover (agonist): pulls to cause movement § Antagonist: relaxes when agonist pulls § Synergists & fixators: § keep muscle & bone stable during movement
Body Movements Caused by Skeletal Muscle § Flexion: § Decrease angle between two bones or bending a limb at a joint § Elbow bent and lower arm brought upward § Knee bent and lower leg backward § Extension § Increase angle between two bones or straightening out a limb § Elbow straightened and lower arm downward
Body Movements Caused by Skeletal Muscle § Abduction § Movement away from body midline § Arm moves outward, away from side of body § Adduction § Movement toward midline of body § Arm moves inward, toward side of body § Rotation § Circular or semi-circular movement around an axis § Turning the head when saying no
Body Movements Caused by Skeletal Muscle § Pronation: § Turning hand downward § Supination: § Turning hand upward
Pathology of the Muscular System
Muscle atrophy § Weakening and wasting away of muscle tissue § Occurs with paralysis and other conditions § Can lead to contractures: § Joint remains in flexed position §
Muscular dystrophy § Genetic disease § Gradual atrophy of muscle tissue § No cure § Treatment: § § § Medication to slow Braces Corrective surgery
Muscular Dystrophy
Fibromyalgia § A group of muscle disorders affecting the tendons, ligaments, and other fibrous tissues § Common sites of pain § Neck, shoulders, thorax, lower back, thighs § Myalgia common § Treatment: reduce stress, therapy, exercise
Hernia § The abnormal protrusion of a body part into another body area § Result from weakness in stomach muscles § Treatment: bracing or surgery § Types: § Inguinal-most common § Hiatal § Umbilical
Poliomyelitis § A viral infection § Results in paralysis of muscles § Prevented by vaccination § No cure
Myesthenia gravis § Nerve impulses not transmitted normally from brain to muscles § Considered autoimmune § Muscle weakness may become severe enough for life support
Pes panus § Flatfoot or fallen arches § Either congenital or from weakened foot muscles § May cause extreme pain
Tetanus § AKA “lock jaw” § Caused by a bacterial infection § Prevention: immunization § No cure-palliative care of symptoms
Muscle Pathology § Muscle sprain § A traumatic injury to the tendons, muscles, or ligaments of a joint § Muscle strain § Torn or stretched tendons and muscles, causing pain
Muscular System Terminology
Muscular Terminology § Ab- § Fibr- § Add- § My- § Dors- § Pector- § Ex- § Rectus- § Away from, not § In addition to § back § out § fiber § muscle § chest § upright § Tend- § tendon
Muscle Movement
Muscle Movement § Quadriceps § Extends lower leg (knee)
Muscle Movement § Deltoid § Abduct arm
Muscle Movement § Trapezius § Shrug shoulder
Muscle Movement § Gastrocnemius § Stand on tiptoe
Muscle Movement § Sternocleidomastoid § Rotates head
Muscle Movement § External obliques § Bending to the side § Rectus abdominis § Sit up
Muscle Movement § Sartorius Origin Anterior superior iliac spine of the pelvic bone Insertion anteromedial surface of the upper tibia in the pes anserinus Artery femoral artery Nerve femoral nerve (sometimes from the intermediate cutaneous nerve of thigh) Actions Flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of the hip, flexion of the knee[1]
Muscle Movement § Intercostals muscle § inhaling
Muscle Movement § Biceps brachii § Flexes lower arm
Muscle Movement § Triceps brachii § Extends lower arm § Used for push ups
Muscle Movement § Hamstring § Used in lower leg curls-flexes the knee § Gluteus maximus § Extend hip § Quadriceps § Flex hip
Muscle Movement § Tibialis anterior § Flex foot
Muscle Movement § Flexor carpi § Flex hand
The End http: //learn. visiblebody. co m/muscular/musclemovements
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