Antecedent Control Motivation Chapter 19 Copyright 2011 Pearson
- Slides: 8
Antecedent Control: Motivation Chapter 19 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
A Behavioral View of Motivation • Motivating Operations (MO’s) – Events or operations that: • Temporarily alter the effectiveness of consequences as reinforcers or punishers (value-altering effect) • Influence behaviors that normally lead to those reinforcers or punishers (behavior-altering effect) • Motivating Establishing Operations (MEOs) – Increase the effectiveness of a consequence as a reinforcer • Motivating Abolishing Operations (MAOs) – Decrease the effectiveness of a consequence as a reinforcer Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Unconditioned versus Conditioned Motivating Operations • Unconditioned Motivating Operations (UMOs) – Value-altering effect is innate – Behavior-altering effect is learned • Conditioned Motivating Operations (CMOs) – Value-altering effect is learned – Behavior-altering effect is learned Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Figure 19. 1 – Types of Motivating Operations Source text: “In addition to distinguishing between MEOs and MAOs, we also distinguish between unconditioned and conditioned motivating operations (Michael, 1993); see Figure 19 -1. ” (page 231) Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
CMEOs and SDs • SD – A stimulus that has been correlated with the availability of a reinforcer for a particular behavior – A cue that tells you what to do to get what you already want • CMEO – Motivator that momentarily increases the value of a conditioned reinforcer and increases the likelihood of behavior that has led to that reinforcer in the past – A cue that changes what you want and tells you what to do to get whatever it is that you now want Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
CMAOs and S∆s • S∆ – A stimulus in the presence of which a response has not been reinforced – A cue that tells you that emitting a particular behavior will not lead to a reinforcer that you want • CMAO – A motivator that momentarily decreases the value of a conditioned reinforcer and decreases the likelihood of behavior that has led to that reinforcer in the past – Influences someone to no longer want a particular consequence, and decreases behavior that led to that consequence Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
SDs, S∆s, CMEOs and CMAOs • Discriminative variables (SDs, S∆s) are related to differential availability of an effective form of reinforcement given a particular type of behavior • Motivative variables (CMEOs, CMAOs) are related to the differential reinforcing effectiveness of environmental events Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Application of Motivating Operations • Teaching mands to children with autism – Mands – a request for something that a person wants • First type of verbal behavior acquired by a child • Motivating seat belt use among senior drivers • Decreasing self-injurious behavior maintained by attention Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.