Ante Bellum Period 1820 1860 Differences Between North
Ante Bellum Period 1820 -1860: Differences Between North and South Before 1860 What were the sectional differences (cultural, geographic, political and economic) between the North and South that influenced the election of 1860?
Slavery Federalism v. States’ Rights Balance of Power in Congress Missouri Compromise, 1820 Tariff Policy, 1828 Sectionalism Abolitionist Women’s Rights Compromise of 1850 Fugitive Slave Act Nullification Popular Sovereignty Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 Bleeding Kansas Dred Scott Decision, 1857 Election of 1860 Rep. Preston Brooks attacks Sen. Charles Sumner, Mass. on the floor of the senate, 1856.
Federalism v. States’ Rights
US Tariff Policy: Tariff of 1828
North South
The acquisition of new territories turned slavery into a major constitutional standoff between 1848 -1861.
Fugitive Slave Law
Popular Sovereignty Or “Squatter Sovereignty” In January 1854, Senator Stephen Douglas introduced a bill that divided the land west of Missouri into two territories, Kansas and Nebraska. He argued for popular sovereignty, which would allow the settlers of the new territories to decide if slavery would be legal there. Antislavery supporters were outraged because, under the terms of the Missouri Compromise of 1820, slavery would have been outlawed in both territories.
“Peculiar Institution”
Slave cargo in the 1700 s
1808, the U. S. constitutional ban on the importation of foreign slaves goes into effect. This promotes the westward-flowing internal slave trade.
Half of Georgia’s Economy: $400 million
Pierce M Butler ( 1810 -1867) lived in Philadelphia but owned • a rice plantation (Darien, GA) • a cotton plantation • (St Simon’s Island) Georgia • Gambled himself into debt March, 1857 Biggest sale in US History. • two-day sale netted $303, 850 for 436 men, women and children. • highest price paid for one family –a mother and her five grown children - was $6, 180. • highest price for one individual was $1, 750. • lowest price for any one slave was $250.
Sold the Philadelphia house for $30, 000.
Slave Codes Black Seminole Rebellion-biggest slave revolt in US history.
Abolitionists Sojourer Truth and President Abraham Lincoln
Frederick Douglas Harriet Tubman
Organized abolitionism rises, especially in New England, led by person such as William Lloyd Garrison. Editor of the Liberator newspaper. John Brown led campaigns on behalf of “free soilers” in Missouri and Kansas and a raid on federal arsenal (arms storehouse) in 1859 at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia killing 6 civilians
1860 Southern Democratic Republican Breckenridge Lincoln • States’ rights • Slavery in all territories • No High Tariff • Pacific RR from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean • Federalism • "That all men are created equal; ” • No change in naturalization laws • Slavery OK where it exists • Want Tariff • Free western land • Transcontinental RR • No to spreading slavery into the territories
Georgia Reacts to the Election of 1860 Alexander Stephens doubts wisdom of secession…wait for hostile action from the North.
“Know Nothings” Ideal Man: White, Anglo-Saxon, non. Catholic, non-immigrant (19 th century)
Gov. Joseph E. Brown Yeoman farmers, owns no slaves represents 75% of Georgians.
The Election of 1860 Candidates. Clockwise from top right: Lincoln, Douglas, Breckinridge, Bell
• What were the sectional differences (cultural, geographic, political and economic) between the North and South that influenced the election of 1860?
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