ANPS Anatomy Physiology Joints Muscles and Movement II

ANPS Anatomy & Physiology Joints, Muscles and Movement II

Facial Muscles of Facial Expression

Muscles of Mastication Temporalis m. - elevation (bite) Masseter m. - elevation (bite) Lat. Pterygoid m. - protraction, grinding Med. Pterygoid m. - elevation, grinding

Neck Muscles Rectus capitis major & minor m. Anterior Superior & inferior oblique m. Atlas Subocciptal m. Head extension, rotation Axis Posterior Longus capitis m. Rectus capitis anterior & lateralis m. Ant. vertebral m. Head flexion, tilt

Neck Muscles Trapezius Sternocleidomastoid Sternal head Clavicular head Bilateral - head flexion Unilateral - rotation and tilt to opposite side

Back and Shoulder Muscles (overview) Rhomboid major/minor Trapezius m. Supraspinatus m. Infraspinatus m. Deltoid m. Latissimus dorsi m. Teres minor & major m.

Back and Shoulder Muscles (overview) Serratus posterior superior & inferior m. Spinalis m. Longissimus m. Erector spinae m. Iliocostalis m. Assist respiration Bilateral – back extension (postural) Unilateral – lateral bending to same side

Thoracic and Shoulder Muscles (overview) Trapezius m. Deltoid m. Pectoralis major m. Serratus anterior m. Pectoralis minor m.

Shoulder Muscles (Actions) Deltoid m. – major abductor of arm at shoulder joint Trapezius m. - elevates, depresses, rotates scapula upward Posterior view Latissimus dorsi m. – adducts, medially rotates and extends arm at shoulder joint

Shoulder Muscles (Actions) Deltoid m. – major abductor of arm at shoulder joint Pectoralis major m. – flexes, adducts & medially rotates arm at shoulder joint Pectoralis minor m. – depresses shoulder Anterior view Serratus anterior m. protracts scapula

Deep Shoulder Muscles (Actions) Muscles in order of arrow position: supraspinatus m. infraspinatus m. teres minor m. teres major m. Posterior view Supraspinatus m. (superior scapular fossa) – abducts arm at shoulder joint Infraspinatus m. (inferior scapular fossa) – lateral rotation of arm at shoulder joint Teres minor m. – lateral rotation of arm at shoulder Teres major m. – medial rotation of arm at shoulder (not part of rotator cuff)

Deep Shoulder Muscles (Actions) (rotator cuff muscles) Supraspinatus m. – abduct arm at shoulder joint Infraspinatus m. lateral rotation at shoulder joint teres minor m. lateral rotation at shoulder Lateral View Posterior View

Deep Shoulder Muscles (Actions) (rotator cuff muscles) Supraspinatus m. subscapularis m. – medial rotation at shoulder joint Anterior View Lateral View Right shoulder

Deep Shoulder Muscles (scapular protraction and retraction) Rhomboid major & minor m. Rhomboid muscles - retracts scapula Serratus anterior muscle - protracts scapula (lower fibers can also rotate shoulder upwards)

Serratus anterior muscle Glenoid fossa Subscapular fossa (subscapularis m. ) Serratus anterior m. (scapula protraction, lower fibers, upward rotation)

Arm Muscles Brachialis m. – flexes forearm at elbow joint (deep to biceps) Biceps brachii m. – flexes and supinates forearm at elbow joint Anterior view

Forearm Flexor Muscle Groups Superficial layer: (wrist action) Pronator teres m. Flexor carpi radialis m. Palmaris longus m. Flexor carpi ulnaris m. Deeper layers: (finger motion) Flexor digitorum superficialis m. Flexor digitorum profundus m. Pronator quadratus m. Flexor pollicis longus m. and more. . . Brachioradialis m. flexion at elbow joint Flexor group of forearmflex of wrist and fingers Muscles of the anterior group in the forearm (left side)

Hand Muscle Groups Hypothenar muscle group. Abductor digiti minimi m. Flexor digiti minimi m. Opponens digiti minimi m. Thenar muscle group. Abductor pollicis brevis m. Flexor pollics brevis m. Opponens pollicis m.

Arm/Forearm Muscle Extensor Groups Extensor group of forearm – extends wrist and fingers Extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis m. Extensor pollicis longus & brevis m. Extensor digitorum m. Extensor carpi ulnaris m. and more. . . . Triceps m. – extends forearm at elbow joint Posterior view

Nerve Supply to the Upper Extremity

Brachial plexus – terminal nerves Musculocutaneous n. - arm flexors Median n. - forearm flexors and thenar m. Ulnar n. - some forearm flexors and most hand m. Radial n. - extensor m. in arm and forearm. Radial nerve Spinal nerves Musculocutaneous nerve Ulnar nerve Median nerve

Blood Supply to Upper Limb Aortic arch Subclavian artery Axillary artery Brachial artery Radial and Ulnar arteries Superficial and deep palmer arches Axillary a. Brachial a. Radial a. Ulnar a. Palmer arches