Announcements n Please fill out CAPES n Office

+ Announcements n Please fill out CAPES n Office Hours: M/W, 2 to 4 at SSB 254 n Presentation Wed – Alex, Christina, Sherry n Final Exam W 3/20, 11: 30 to 2: 30 n Bring 2 BLANK bluebooks

+ Making Home Routeness and Rootedness

+ American Filipinos n Why does YLE claim that Filipinos were already transnational before they even left the Philippines? n “we are here because you were there” legacy of US occupation n English-language education & American cultural imperialism n Ubiquitous presence of US military personnel & institutions n Transnational families & balikbayans “family as a foundational base for transnational social relations” (89)

+ Transnational Ties n How do transnational ties sustained by Filipino immigrants resist this position of “differential inclusion” (71)? n Transnationalism – “the processes by which immigrant groups forge and sustain strong sentimental and material links with their countries of origin” (70) n What is the significance of transnationalism? n “a disruptive strategy, enacted by immigrants to challenge binary modes of thinking about time and space and to resist their differential inclusion in the United States as subordinate residents and citizens” (71) n Rejection of binaries of assimilation/alienation n Homeland as alternate site to claim and valorize status given enforced homelessness in diaspora (86 -87)

+ Building Community n Routedness vs rootedness n “U. S. colonial rule, recruitment practices, and labor conditions have preselected the regional and class composition of different Filipino immigrant cohorts and thus have profoundly affected their process of group formation” (98 -99) n Ex: Sangley Point Naval Base (Cavite) and Subic Naval Station (Zambales) n “it was through their racialized class experiences, especially the realizations of racial caste system in the Navy, that an all. Filipino identity was made” (107) n Post-1965 class, occupational and geographic divisions challenge community building n Current challenge = generational

+ Negotiating Home n n n Hypersexualized “manong” generation vs feminized naval steward n “Although an apparent disjunction, both the hypermasculinization and the feminization of Asian men serve to define and confirm the white man’s virility and superiority” (129) n Navy wives and family bear material and emotional burden of racist patriarchy Post-1965 feminization of labor n Philippines = largest US supplier of health professionals because of USestablished educational system and Philippine labor brokerage state n Reconfiguration of family life reliance on older children, shared housework but persistence of double burden “home is simultaneously a place of nurture, comfort, and protection and a site of patriarchal hierarchy and gendered self-identity” (128)