AnNajah National University Faculty of Engineering Building department

An-Najah National University Faculty of Engineering Building department Climate Responsive Design For Administrative Building In different climate zones in Palestine By : Bara Thaher Mohammad Sameer Osama Joma’a Supervisor : Dr Sameh Mona 12/13/2021 1

Outline: Project description Methodology for solutions design( Architectural , environmental , Structural , Mechanical, Electrical) Project Recommendations for selection of environmental elements according to climate differences

Project description Why administrative buildings: Our project is a redesign and suggestion of administrative building. These type of buildings are important as it is used in many fields of usage in different climate zones such as. The building designers establish these type of buildings without an overview to climate differences.

Project description (cont. ) Why administrative buildings: The employers of these type of buildings are not responsible for the energy bill, so they switch on the mechanical systems to reach their comfort zone. This will cost the government a lot of expenses.

Project description (cont. ) We considered education and higher education building in Tulkarm.

Project description (cont. ) Four floors and ground floor building and 256 m² for each floor. East west orientation , and the entrance form east elevation.

Project description (cont. ) Project problems Orientation of the building east-west. solar design is not taken into consideration. Consumes a large amount of energy because there is a huge amount of air conditioners

Project problems (cont. ) The east elevation contain large glassing areas. number of elevators is small compared to the size of the building. There are no emergency staircase. No shading. The parking capacity is not enough.

Methodology for solutions. we have divided building solutions into three categories to compare. Category 1: existed building in Tulkarm. Category 2: suggested solutions for the existed building in Tulkarm. Category building. 3: the effect of climate diversity on the

Project design : Architectural solutions

Project design : Architectural solutions (cont. ) East elevation.

Project design : Architectural solutions (cont. ) West elevation.

Project design : Architectural solutions (cont. ) North elevation.

Project design : Architectural solutions (cont. ) South elevation.

Project design : Environmental analyzing. We used ECOTICT simulation program to analyze: Day lighting levels. Thermal insulation. We take a room in each elevation in existed and suggested buildings to be analyzed.

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont. ) Daylight analysis:

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont. ) East room analysis in existed building.

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont. ) East room analysis in suggested building.

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont. ) From the previous analysis, the output of ECOTICT program was as follow:

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont. ) Thermal analysis Using ECOTICT program, we analyzed the second floor in existed and suggested buildings, and extracted the simulation output.

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont. ) Buildings thermal mass and walls layers.

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont. ) The existing and suggestion building have the same partition layers.

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont. ) Types of window:

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont. ) We divide the second floor to four zone.

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont. ) The output from the analysis are shown in the following table: Heating load comparison: Cooling load comparison:

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont. ) Solar chimney:

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont. ) Solar window:

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont. ) Shading:

Project design : Environmental analyzing (cont. ) Air conditions water disposal.

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design we redesigned the existing building in Tulkarm according to the followings: The American Concrete Institute code ACI 318 - 05. The seismic design according to UBC-97. The analysis and design were done using SAP 2000 program.

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont. ) Design data : 1. Compressive strength : fc =24 Mpa 2. Yielding strength of steel The yield strength of steel for flexure Fy= 420 Mpa. 3. Bearing capacity of soil the bearing capacity of soil Qall. = 20 Mpa. 4. Slab thickness One way ribbed slab is selected in design. The longest span (one end continues) = 4. 55 m. The thickness of slab (h) = 455/18. 5=24. 6 cm we used 25 cm as a thickness of slab.

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont. ) 4. Beams dimension type Dimension (mm) Main beams 250*550 drop 300*250 Secondary beams 250*400 Edge beams 300*400 5. columns dimension Group Dimension (mm) reinforcement C 1 300*500 12ɸ 14 C 2 300*600 14 ɸ 14

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont. ) Columns types and distribution

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont. ) 3 D Model Checks : • Compatibility check

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont. ) • Maximum deflections

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont. ) • Equilibrium checks Manual SAP Error% S. I. D 11040 10560 4. 34 % Live load 3690 3683 0. 27 %

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont. ) • Check participating mass ratio:

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont. ) • Slab moments from sap

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont. ) Slab reinforcement

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont. ) • Reinforcement of a section in slab Bottom steel Top steel 2ɸ 18 mm 2ɸ 12 mm

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont. ) • Design of beams

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont. )

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont. ) • Design of stairs

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont. ) • Design of footings Group Footing dimension Footing reinforcement (B*L*H) m F 1 (2. 00*1. 80*0. 35) 9ɸ 14 long direction 10ɸ 14 short direction F 2 (2. 20*2. 00*0. 35) 12ɸ 14 long direction 13ɸ 14 short direction

Project design : Structural Analysis and Design (cont. ) • Reinforcement of the windows

Project design : Mechanical design • Elevator System Design. • Water Supply Systems. • Drainage Water Systems Design. • HVAC System Design.

Project design : Mechanical design (cont. ) Elevator System Design. After making calculations for the required elevators the result was: The elevator type is motor driven elevator with a sliding door we use 2 elevator type (2500/350)

Project design : Mechanical design (cont. ) Water Supply Systems. we took the third floor as sample of calculations : • we use 1. 5’’ for main vertical cooled Pipe • We used 1’’ for main vertical heat Pipe We used 1. 25'' for main horizontal cooled pipe

Project design : Mechanical design (cont. ) Water Supply Systems (cont. ) • We used 3/4 for main horizontal heat • We used 3/8'' for sink. • We used 3/8 '' for flush tank.

Project design : Mechanical design (cont. ) Water Supply Systems (cont. )

Project design : Mechanical design (cont. ) Drainage Water Systems Design. After doing calculation for plumbing system we used for : • stack diameter 4’’. • Lavatory pipe diameter 2’’. • floor drain pipe diameter 3’’. • Sewage Manholes pipe 4’’. • Dischage pipe 4’’

Project design : Mechanical design (cont. ) Drainage Water Systems Design (cont. )

Project design : Mechanical design (cont. ) DISCHAGE PIPE:

Project design : Mechanical design (cont. ) • HVAC System Design. Form ECOTICT, results of heating and cooling load for the zone as flow: : First zone Second zone Third zone Fourth zone Heating load 6360 4103 5441 2501 Cooling load 13972 12687 29968 25046

Project design : Mechanical design (cont. ) • HVAC System Design (cont. ). We use cooling load to design and diffuser which diffuse 400 CFM for room and other diffuse 200 CFM for Corridor. We use Design Tools Ducts Size Version 6. 4 to find duct size.

Project design : Mechanical design (cont. ) • HVAC System Design (cont. ). Cooling load First zone 13. 972 4 Second zone 12. 687 4 Third zone 29. 988 9 Furth zone 26. 064 7

Project design : Mechanical design (cont. ) • HVAC System Design (cont. ).

Project design : Electrical design. Lighting Design: we used lumens method to find required number of lighting units. Used (F 14 T 12) lighting units The required lumens for offices 500 lux. For corridor 100 lux. For bath room 120 lux. Workplace height is 60 cm

Project design : Electrical design. We will take planning room sample of calculation diminutions (4. 3*3. 8*2. 4)m Reflection coefficient of the roof = 70% Reflection coefficient of the wall = 50% E=500 Lux use F 100 T 17 ------Flux =4750 Lum Kr = (L*W)/(Hm*(L+W))=(3. 8*4. 3)/(2. 4*(3. 8+4. 3)) Kr =0. 8 Uf=. 35 Df=LLD*LDD*RSDD------- Clean DF=. 85*. 85 =. 61 E=(n*f*uf*df)/(A) 500 = (n * 4750 *. 35 * 0. 61)15. 9 N= n4 = 15. 154 = 4 Laminar

Project design : Electrical design.

Project design : Electrical design. Electrical load

Project design : Electrical design. DIAlux:

Recommendations for selection of environmental elements according to climate differences After analysis and study we found out recommended choices for environmental elements for buildings according to their climate diversity as follows: Orientation orientation Jericho South-north Nablus South-north Tulkarm South-north

Recommendations for selection of environmental elements according to climate differences (cont. ) Shading Jericho Full shading Nablus In summer Tulkarm In summer Thermal Mass Thermal mass Insulation Jericho Lower Nablus Higher Tulkarem Moderate

Recommendations for selection of environmental elements according to climate differences (cont. ) ventilation Jericho Mechanical and natural Nablus Natural Tulkarm natural openings Jericho Large opening in: No large openings height to width height >> width Nablus North and south Tulkarm North and south height => width

Recommendations for selection of environmental elements according to climate differences (cont. ) Heating and cooling to be designed Heating Cooling Jericho Not to be designed To be designed Nablus To be designed Tulkarm To be designed Shape of building Shape Jericho Nablus Square with core Square inside Tulkarm rectangular