ANNajah National University Faculty of Engineering and Information

AN-Najah National University Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ Graduation Project Report II Traffic safety audit at Tulkarem city in term of humps, pedestrian crossing and signs, and the provision of a smart solution to enhance safety By Hana Jamal Shebli Dana Numan Omar Naema Bassam Daraghmeh Under supervision of: Prof. Sameer Abu-Eisheh

Outline v Introduction. v. Literature review. v. Methodology. v. Data collection and analysis. v. Assessment and modification of traffic control devices and humps. v. Hump questionnaire analysis. v. Application design. v. Conclusion and recommendation.

Introduction Ø Safety The principal goal of the traffic engineer is remains the provision of a safe system for highway traffic. Ø Modern technology Application of modern technology to the operation and control of transportation systems.

Introduction Ø Problem definition Humps, pedestrian crossings. Traffic signals and signs are very important components to reduce the potential for accidents and ensure safety, if properly installed and respected by road users. However, if the drivers don't see them from a distance, they could not satisfy their roles. Humps even then might cause accidents, driver discomfort and sever damage to vehicles.

Introduction Ø Objectives of the study 1. Identifying the location of Humps, Traffic Signs and Pedestrian Crossings in Tulkarem. 2. Providing tools to assist in solving the problem of accident caused by lack of attention to the presence of humps, pedestrian crossings and traffic signs. 3. Enhancing safety and comfort of the drivers.

Methodology v. Literature Review A. 1. 2. 3. 4. Smart transportation applications : Waze application Speed Cameras & Traffic A Pilot Study on Smart Campus for pedestrians. A pilot study for the parking at An-Najah National University-New Campus. B. A British test about effects of speed humps. C. Reference in evaluating the humps: AL-Sahili, K. and Abu-Eisheh, S. Design Urban Roads Guidelines, Draft, Submitted to the Municipal Development and Lending Fund, AL-Bireh, Palestine, 2018.

Methodology v. Collection of application to locate TCDs. v. Visits and Communications. v. Data Collection. v. Collecting Accidents Records. v. Questionnaire preparation and collection. v. Data Analysis. v. Mobile Application Testing and Development.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS v. Study Scope: In this study, arterials and a number of key collector roads in Tulkarem are considered, In addition, we take Irtah neighborhood as a sample of local roads.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS v. Humps: Humps field study results are as follow: • 12% of humps have higher ratio of height to width than recommended ratio. • 56% of humps don’t have cat eyes. • 4% of sequence humps don’t have sufficient distance between them. • 15% of humps don’t satisfy height specification. • No problem with drainage in any hump.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS v. Pedestrian crossings:

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS v. Stop and Yield signs:

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS v. Accidents: • General accidents records: Accidents statistics (2009 -2017) was collected. • Effects of humps on accidents: • Accidents at Nablus-Tulkarem street at the end of 2016 were 49 accidents. • Accidents at Nablus-Tulkarem street at the end of 2017 were 30 accidents. • Accidents at Noor-Shams street at the end of 2016 were 31 accidents. • Accidents at Noor-Shams street at the end of 2017 were 10 accidents.

ASSESMENT AND MODIFICATION OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES AND HUMPS Traffic control device which discussed in this project: Traffic markings Transverse markings(Crosswalks or pedestrian crossing): Traffic signs 1. 2. 3. 4. Stop Sign. Yield Sign. Pedestrian Crossings Sign. Hump Sign.

ASSESMENT AND MODIFICATION OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES AND HUMPS • Traffic safety audit is conducted in some area as shown in this map:

ASSESMENT AND MODIFICATION OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES AND HUMPS First Site

ASSESMENT AND MODIFICATION OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES AND HUMPS Modified are identified and proposed as follows: 1 -Humps modification.

ASSESMENT AND MODIFICATION OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES AND HUMPS 2 - Stop and yield Signs and pedestrian crossings modification. Tulkarem camp

ASSESMENT AND MODIFICATION OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES AND HUMPS Second Site Al-Omaria school Tulkarem Municipilty

ASSESMENT AND MODIFICATION OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES AND HUMPS Modified are identified and proposed as follows: 1 -Humps modification.

ASSESMENT AND MODIFICATION OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES AND HUMPS. 2 - Stop and yield Signs and pedestrian crossings modification First subsite

ASSESMENT AND MODIFICATION OF TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES AND HUMPS Second sub-site:

HUMP QUESTIONNAIRE ANALYSIS ü Questionnaire to illustrate the opinion of residents of Tulkarem regarding the presence of the humps is conducted. The questionnaire consists of two parts, the first one is related to general information about whom fill the form and the second part includes five packages of questions each of them related to one of the effects of humps. ü Sample size =(population/average household size)*%2 = 256. 150 is sufficient.

HUMP QUESTIONNAIRE ANALYSIS ü The questionnaire was passed to 3 types of road users on Tulkarm city (150 persons) including public transportation vehicles drivers, passengers using public transportations, and pedestrians. ü The variables have been encoded and introduced to SPSS. Approximate balance according to Likert scale

HUMP QUESTIONNAIRE ANALYSIS Social effects of humps

HUMP QUESTIONNAIRE ANALYSIS Humps effects on the driver behavior in terms of speed

HUMP QUESTIONNAIRE ANALYSIS Humps effects on vehicles in term of damage

HUMP QUESTIONNAIRE ANALYSIS Effects of humps on safety

HUMP QUESTIONNAIRE ANALYSIS Economical effects of humps

HUMP QUESTIONNAIRE ANALYSIS ü The general impression of people is that humps have a negative impact for the social aspect. These include the impression that they enforce vehicles to reduce speed, but also cause damage for vehicles and reduce accidents. ü The results of this questionnaire agrees with the British test results.

APPLICATION DESIGN v. Application requirement: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Components type. The coordinates for each of these components. Set unique button for each component. Enable the user to change the radius to suit his speed. To give an alert to the driver to alert him when the location icon is not active.

APPLICATION DESIGN v. Application concept and basics: 1. Center of that circle to be a given location. 2. Radius with a default value of 100 m and available range between 30 m and 300 m. 3. Trigger type.

APPLICATION DESIGN v. The first version application settings: 1. Distance settings. 2. Trigger settings. 3. New location settings.

APPLICATION DESIGN v. First testing: Errors found in the first version: 1. The application was designed to read only 100 point and the entered points were around 200. 2. The application was designed to give an alert of just one ID which is the last entered point. For example, give alert when approaching only the last entered hump.

APPLICATION DESIGN • Application new version settings.

APPLICATION DESIGN There are 3 type of settings added to improve application performance: 1. Interval: the location update frequency in seconds, i. e after how many seconds to get new location. 2. Fastest Interval: this settings determines the Fastest possible frequency to get an Location update, if by any chance other application requested Location 3. The application giving an alert to the driver to alert him when the location icon is not active.

APPLICATION DESIGN Location alert at the new application version Settings options in the new application version

APPLICATION DESIGN v. General notes about the application new version ü Reads a point every second when internet is available and reads only 3 points per hour without internet. ü Consumes mobile battery. ü The application stays in background to ensure continues reading and alerting even if the screen is closed. v. Final Testing The team tested the new application version which worked well and the problems were solved. The accuracy was fined very reasonable. The distance of 100 m was tested and find to be within + 10 m. The application gives a notification for both old and new added points.

CONCLUSION 1. Coordinates were collected and used as a database for an mobile application. 2. Data about humps, sings and pedestrian crossings and assessed and then modifications were made. 3. Humps effects on accidents were studied. 4. Questionnaire was prepared and the results agreed with the British test.

RECOMMENDATIONS 1 -It is recommended to relocates or reconstruct humps that don’t meet specifications as identified in this study to enhance the comfort of drivers and passengers. 2 -It is recommended to relocate warned out pedestrian crossings with adding cat eyes and add new paint where needed as specified in this study to enhance pedestrian’s safety. 3 -It is recommended to relocate stop and yield signs at intersections behind pedestrian crossings so that the vehicles don’t stop above the line, and ensure proper sight distance. Also, it is recommended to replace warned out signs to enhance safety. 4 -It is recommended to use the developed application by drivers to ensure respecting these component by drivers and to enhance safety.

RECOMMENDATIONS 5 -It is recommended to widen the use of the application at the other West Bank cities, since anyone can upload the application and insert any location he/she want. 6 -It is recommended to get rid of humps at arterial street and expand the role of the police in controlling the speed at these roads. 7 -It is recommended when registering the accidents to specify the road name not only the specific place and then to use new technology ( e. g: using smart phone or special devices) to register the coordinates of the accidents location. This will facilitate study and research on accidents.