ANIMALS BREEDING IN RELATION TO ORGANIC FARMING HISTORY

ANIMALS BREEDING IN RELATION TO ORGANIC FARMING

HISTORY Polynésians were great navigators. During migrations they broutht animals with them.

Polynesia and various types of breeding . In French Polysesia livestock is constituated pigs, cattle, goats and poultry.

The first objective of Polynésia's farming is to achieve food self- sufficiency. The largest cattle is at Taravao plateau ( 315 hectares and 900 cattle herd with 300 dairy cows Dairy cow: Prim’Holstein 1300 à 1500 liters of milk per days Milk is stored in a tank at 4° until transported to the dairy SACHET where it will be pasteurized and canned.

• Milk production (11532 hl in 2009 ) is subject to concurrency sterilized milk shelf from import and not subject to local development tax(TDL). Local production is sold fresh radius and covers less than 20% of consumers needs.

Meat production grew by 37, 3% in 2009 162 tonnes. Tahiti represents 2/3 of the total and provides Papeete’s market. The beef import fell 7, 3% in 2009 162 tonnes. Beef meat : Blonde d’Aquitaine Indian race: Brahman

Poultry • With 90% of the total. Tahiti is the first zone of production in French Polynesia (4, 3 million dozen in 2009) Chicken meat comes from a single operating Papara (Tahiti) 81 tones. Imports increased by 2% (13456 tones against 13186 tones in 2009

PIG BREEDING • Livestock is share between twenty industrial exploitations. • Pigs production for consumption in meat product: 1184 tones. • The food processing activity is supplied by imports, quotas are set in council ministers : 1888 tones.

Howewer meat production does not meet the local consumption, where from an important import.

Also other products are completed by imports.

WHAT TO COMPOST? Material Carbon/Nitrogene Info Table scraps nitrogen Add with dry carbon items Fruits and vegetable sraps nitrogen Add with dry carbon Coconut husk carbon Best when crushed White sand neutral Rich in calcium and prevent the loss of nitrogen Seaweed nitrogen Apply in thin layers ; good source for trace minerals. Shrub prunings carbon Best when crushed Chicken manure nitrogen Excellent compost « activator » Grass clippings nitrogen Add in thin layers so they don’t mat into clumps. E. M ( effective microorganism) Excellent compost activator. Accelerate the composting process.

HOW TO COMPOST? • 1 Start your compost pile on bare earth. This allows worms and others beneficial organisms to aerate the compost and be transported to your garden beds • 2 Lay twigs or straws first, a few inches deep, this aid drainage and helps aerate the pile. • 3 Add compost materials in layers, alterning moist and dry. Moist ingredients are food craps, seaweed, grass clipping…etc. Dry materials are coconut husk, straw, leaves , wood ashes • 4 Add chicken manure and E. M. This activates the compost pile and speeds the process along. • 5 Keep compost moist : water occasionally or let the rain do the job. • 6 Cover with anything you have: plastic shiting. Covering helps to retain moisture and heat two essentials for compost. Covering also prevents the compost being over watered by rain. The compost should be moist but not soaked and sodden • 7 Turn. Every 3 weeks give the pile a quick turn with a pitchwork. This aerates the pile. Oxygen is required for the process to work and turning adds oxygen. • Carbon/nitrogen ratio All compostable materials are either carbon or nitrogen based to varying degrees. The secret of healthy compost pile is to maintain a working balance between these two elements. A healthy compost should have more carbon than nitrogen. The simple rule of tumber is to use onethird green and two- thirds brown materials.

Livestock serving organic farming. . The pump sucks up pig manure in the tank Turn the pile with the pitchfork every 3 weeks Pig slurry is sprayed on the compost. Using compost

We also use chicken manure to fertilizer the soil. . Filling barrels chicken manure In the barn to Faaroa Chicken manure is diluted to 30% Chargement drums in the truck. Fertilization of lettuce 2 times per week

Also uses cow dung as a natural fertilizer L Cow dung is mixed with the soil 1/3 cow dung et 2/3 water Chinese cabbages are ready for harvest

Currently our school aims to spread livestock and organic farming in Raiatea.

For successful development of organic farming and livestock we need a complete investment by agricultural professionnals. 2020 the part of organic agricultural products should be 50% of local market.

Eat local! At school students are encouraged to consume local products, the snack, dessert : banana… Once a month tahitian food is served FRESH MILK Raw fish FRESH EGGS Tahitian food