AnimalLike Protists The Protozoa Chapter 8 ea ida

Animal-Like Protists: The Protozoa Chapter 8

ea ida c sta chn cta u Cr Ara Inse Mollusca Protostomes Triploblasts * Diploblasts † Ve Tu ta a c ni Chordata Arthropoda Annelida ata r b rte Hemichordata Echinodermata Deuterostomes Coelomates Pseudocoelomates Acoelomates Bilateria† Mesozoa Radiata* Eumetazoa Metazoa Protozoa Monera (Bacteria) Cnidaria Ctenophora Parazoa

Movement

Basics • Unicellular small • No organs or tissues (protoplasmic) • Found in terrestrial, marine, aquatic and parasitic environments • Reproduce sexually or asexually • Nutrition: – Autotrophic – Heterotrophic

Groups we will talk about • Flagellates (Euglenozoa, and Dinozoa) • Ciliates (Ciliophora) • Amebas (No Phyla; Rhizopoda) • Apicomplexa

Outline • Movement of Protozoa 1. 2. 3. 4. • Amoeboid Ciliary Flagellar Unknown Protection of Protozoa – Ameba

Movement of Protists • Flagellates (Euglenozoa, and Dinozoa) • Ciliates (Ciliophora) • Rizopoda (Amebas) • Apicomplexa

Movement of Protists • Flagellates (Euglenozoa, and Dinozoa) • Ciliates (Ciliophora) • Rhizopoda (Amebas) • Apicomplexa Flagellar movement Ciliary movement Amoeboid movement Parasites

Amoeba

I. Amoeboid movement. • Ameboid locomotion is used by certain protists and by numerous kinds of ameboid cells that are located within the bodies of most Metazoa.

Complex changes in cell fine structure, chemistry, and behavior. (gel-like) (more fluid)

Mechanisms of Amoeboid movement.

Mechanisms of Amoeboid movement.

Pseudopodia Types • • Lobopodia Filopodia Reticulopodia Axopodia

Pseudopodia Types • • Lobopodia Filopodia Reticulopodia Axopodia

Pseudopodia Types • • Lobopodia Filopodia Reticulopodia Axopodia

Pseudopodia Types • • Lobopodia Filopodia Reticulopodia Axopodia

Pseudopodia Types • • Lobopodia Filopodia Reticulopodia Axopodia

Pseudopodia Types • • Lobopodia Filopodia Reticulopodia Axopodia

HELIOZOANS ACTINOPHRYS SP. I COLLECTED THIS ONE IN WISCONSIN. Axopodia

Diversity of Locomotion in Amoebas Creeping Rolling Typical with lobopodia Filopodial creeping Walking Bipedal-stepping

Movement II. Cilia (Ciliophora)

Pellicle • Underlies the plasma membrane of many protozoa. • The pellicle is rigid enough to maintain the shape of the protozoan, but is also flexible.

CATTLE RUMEN CILIATES ENTODINIUM CAUDATUM

CATTLE RUMEN CILIATES ENTODINIUM CAUDATUM

CATTLE RUMEN CILIATES ENTODINIUM CAUDATUM SURFACE ULTRASTRUCTURE

Movement of Paramecium

What is this?

Cilia act like walking legs! A Hypotrich Ciliate: Stylonychia sp. uses cirri for “Walking”

Compound Ciliature • The function of some cilia is not only movement but feeding • Feeding currents

Example of ciliates with compound ciliature Vorticella Stentor

Movement III. Flageller (Euglenozoa and Dinozoa)

Cilia and Flagella anatomy!

Cilia and Flagella anatomy! This is the 9 + 2 pattern characteristic of nearly all flagella and cilia.

Cilia move in waves: metachronal waves. Undulatory movement Power stroke or oar like action Flagellar movement

The Big Picture • Protists are a group of paraphyletic, protoplasmic organisms. • Three types of movement are common among protists • Cilia and flagella have a 9 + 2 arrangement