Animal Welfare Review Dairy Reference Example Observation Calculation

Animal Welfare Review – Dairy Reference Example Observation Calculation

Observation Planning Observation Groups Observed Docked Tails Close-up, Fresh, High, Late pens Swollen Hocks/Knees Close-up, Fresh, High, Late pens Hygiene Close-up, Fresh, High, Late pens, Preweaned & Weaned calves Body Condition Scores Close-up, Fresh, High, Late pens, Preweaned & Weaned calves + Hospital (all) Stocking Rates Fresh, High, Late, Hospital Footing (slips) (with locomotion scores) Locomotion Scores 2 milking pens (High & Late; ALL) + Calves (post-weaning) Parlor Behavior & Turn Time 3 turns (heifers & cows)

Observation Planning Group Close-up Dry Cows Fresh Cows Observation* Tail docking, Hock/Knee Swelling, Hygiene, BCS Stocking Rate Tail docking, Hock/Knee Swelling, Hygiene, BCS *Don’t forget Parlor Scores + Turn Times on 3 milking pens High Producing Cows Stocking Rate Locomotion Scores & Footing Evaluation Tail docking, Hock/Knee Swelling, Hygiene, BCS Mid-Late Lactation Cows Locomotion Scores & Footing Evaluation Stocking Rate Hospital Pen Pre-weaned calves Weaned calves Body Condition Score Stocking Rate Tail docking, BCS, Hygiene, Hock/Knee Swelling, Navels Tail docking, BCS, Hygiene, Locomotion Scores & Footing Evaluation

Sample Sizes ªUse 50% prevalence as worst case scenario Estimated Prevalence of Condition Population 10 % 20 % 10, 000 35 61 96 (or every 104 th animal) 5, 000 35 61 95 (or every 53 rd animal) 4, 000 35 61 94 (or every 43 rd animal) 3, 000 35 60 94 (or every 32 nd animal) 2, 500 35 60 93 (or every 27 th animal) 2, 000 35 60 92 (or every 22 th animal) 1, 500 35 59 91 (or every 16 th animal) 1, 000 34 58 88 (or every 11 th animal) 800 34 57 86 (or every 9 th animal) 500 33 55 81 (or every 6 th animal) 300 32 51 73 (or every 4 th animal) 100 26 38 49 (or every 2 th animal) 75 24 34 43 50 21 28 33 25 15 18 20 50 %

Random Sampling of Pens Number of pens Number of Animals per Pen 50 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 30 14 18 20 21 22 22 23 24 25 20 12 14 15 16 16 17 17 17 18 16 10 12 13 13 14 14 15 14 9 11 12 12 13 13 13 12 9 10 10 11 11 11 10 8 9 9 9 10 10 10 8 7 7 7 8 8 8 6 5 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 ØFor individual calf hutches, evaluate 30% of hutches.

Determining observation numbers Example: 1, 000 cow dairy estimated herd profile Far-Off Dry = 15% (150 cows) Fresh = 4% (40 cows) Close-up Dry = 5% (50 cows) High = 33% (330 cows) Hospital = 1% (10 cows) Mid & Late = 42 % (420 cows) Pen numbers ØFODC = 1 pen ØCUDC = 2 pens ØHospital = 1 pen ØFresh = 1 pen ØHigh = 3 pens ØLate = 5 pens

Example calculations: 1, 000 cows ØPopulation = 1, 000 ØPrevalence = assume worst case of 50% ØObservation number (from table) = 88 animals §Spread 88 observations over groups designated by proportion §Account for numbers in observation groups only (subtract far off dry cows & hospital numbers ~16%) Locomotion & Footing BCS, Hygiene, Tails, Hock/Knee Swelling CUDC 5 animals from 2 pens (88 *. 06) Fresh 4 animals (88 *. 05) High 35 animals from 2 pens (88 *. 40) Late 44 animals across 3 pens (88 *. 50) High All of 1 pen Late All of 1 pen Stocking Rate Fresh All of 1 pen High All of 1 pen Late All of 1 pen Hospital All of 1 pen