Animal ScienceDairy Science 434 Reproductive Physiology Lecture 1

Animal Science/Dairy Science 434 Reproductive Physiology Lecture 1: Introduction, Female Anatomy Updated: 10/20/2021

How do you interpret this image? Updated: 10/20/2021

Potential Ways To Interpret Image • Direct Observation » Looking into » Touching • Physiological each other’s eyes changes » Heart rates increasing » Increased blood flow to reproductive organs • Vagina, Clitoris, Uterus (enhanced by estrogen) • Erection of penis, contractions of epididymis Updated: 10/20/2021

Instructor • John J. Parrish • 714 Animal Science • parrish@ansci. wisc. edu • 263 -4324 Updated: 10/20/2021

Laboratories • Tuesday, Wednesday • Room 128 or 134 Animal • 3: 30 - 5: 30 » may Updated: 10/20/2021 Science last until 6: 00 so plan appropriately

Text (Required) • • • Updated: 10/20/2021 Pathways to Pregnancy and Parturition - Second Revised Edition » P. L. Senger UW Bookstore Library (not on reserve)

Web Page http: //www. wisc. edu/ansci_repro/ • • Updated: 10/20/2021 Syllabus (lecture, lab and exam schedule, grading) Lecture Outlines and Handouts Labs Project Information

434 Web Site Modifications • Updates may occur daily. • Lecture outlines and labs are • • currently for last year Fall 2006 lecture updates are usually done by 8: 15 the day of lecture (no guarantee) Lab material will be updated by the time of Tuesday’s lecture. Updated: 10/20/2021

Lecture 1 Female Reproductive Tract Anatomy Updated: 10/20/2021

Learning Objectives • To be able to describe the female reproductive system in cattle. » Structure » Function Updated: 10/20/2021

Equine - Horse Male Updated: 10/20/2021 Stallion Female Mare

Bovine - Cattle Male Updated: 10/20/2021 Bull Female Cow

Ovine - Sheep Male Updated: 10/20/2021 Ram Female Ewe

Porcine - Swine - Pig Male Updated: 10/20/2021 Boar Female Sow

Avian - Chicken Male Updated: 10/20/2021 Rooster Female Hen

Uterine Body Uterine Horn Ovary Oviduct Cervix Bladder Vagina Urethra Clitoris Updated: 10/20/2021 Vulva

Rectum Uterus Vulva Vagina Ovary Pelvis Bladder Cervix Oviduct Broad Ligament Updated: 10/20/2021

Broad Ligament • Updated: 10/20/2021 connective tissue sheet which supports and suspends the reproductive tract

Broad Ligament mesometrium mesovarium mesosalpinx Updated: 10/20/2021

Ovary - Primary Sex Organ • Functions » Hormonal • Estrogen • Progesterone » Female gamete • Oocyte Updated: 10/20/2021

Ovary Corpus Luteum Progesterone Updated: 10/20/2021 Follicle - Estrogen, Oocyte Corpus Luteum Progesterone

Ovary Germinal Epithelium Cortex 85% of Ovarian Cancers Medulla Tunica Albuginea Blood and lymphatic Vessels & nerves Updated: 10/20/2021 } Hilus

Ruptured follicle (ovulation) Tertiary follicle Primary follicle Egg nest Tertiary follicle Atretic follicle Corpus hemorrhagicum Updated: 10/20/2021 Corpus luteum Secondary follicle Corpus albicans

Primordial Follicle Cells • Flattened cells Nucleus surround oocyte Primary Follicle Ooplasma • Increase in size of oocyte and Follicular Cells height of follicular cells Secondary follicle Oocyte • Surrounded by several layers of follicular cells Tertiary follicle • Follicle forms a fluid filled cavity • Differentiation of cell layers Updated: 10/20/2021 in the follicle wall Antrum

Tertiary Follicle Theca Externa Antrum (Follicular Fluid) Theca Interna Basement Membrane Granulosa Oocyte Updated: 10/20/2021 Cumulus Oophorus

Tertiary Follicle Theca Interna Granulosa Oocyte Cumulus Oophorus Antrum Updated: 10/20/2021

Follicular Blood Supply Theca interna cells Basement Membrane Granulosa cells Capillary network Updated: 10/20/2021 Follicular fluid

Secondary Sex Organ: A Series of Tubes to Convey the Oocyte/Embryo/Fetus to the Outside Serosa Submucosa Lumen Mucosa Updated: 10/20/2021 Longitudinal smooth muscle layer Circular smooth muscle layer Muscularis

Functions of Oviduct • Gamete » Sperm » Oocyte Transport • Supports • early embryo development Transport of embryo to uterus Updated: 10/20/2021

Uterine Horn Isthmus Utero-Tubal Junction Oviduct Ampullary-Isthmic Junction Ostium Ampulla Infundibulum (20 - 30 cm 2) Cumulus Oophorus and Oocyte Fimbria Ovary Updated: 10/20/2021 Follicle

Oviduct Ampulla Mesosalpinx Isthmus UT Junction Uterine Horn Updated: 10/20/2021

Oviduct Histology Mucosa • Ciliated Columnar • Nonciliated Columnar Updated: 10/20/2021

Functions of the Uterus • Muscle contractions » Transport sperm » Expel fetus and placenta • Absorption and phagocytosis • Partially prepares sperm for fertilization » capacitation • Provides • environment for embryo and fetal growth Hormone production Updated: 10/20/2021

horn Uterus (bovine) • Bicornuate » poorly body to moderately developed uterine horns cervix » uterine body » one cervix Updated: 10/20/2021

Caruncles Updated: 10/20/2021

Uterine Histology Endometrium Perimetrium Updated: 10/20/2021 Myometrium Endometrial Glands

Uterine Histology Mucosa Endometrium Submucosa Myometrium Perimetrium Updated: 10/20/2021 Endometrial Gland

Functions of the Cervix • Transport of sperm • Barrier to sperm (species dependent) • Reservoir for sperm • Blocking bacterial invasion during • pregnancy Birth canal Updated: 10/20/2021

Uterine Body Internal Cervical Os • Cervix is composed of thick connective tissue • Mucus is secreted near the time of breeding and ovulation. Cervix Cow has 4 -5 annular rings External Cervical Os Updated: 10/20/2021 COW Vagina

Cervix COW Internal Os Cervical Ring Fornix External Os EWE Anterior Vagina Updated: 10/20/2021 Fornix Anterior Vagina

Functions of the Vagina • Copulatory organ • Glands secrete lubrication • Birth canal • Glands secrete pheromones Updated: 10/20/2021

Vagina Anterior Vagina Posterior Vagina (Vestibule) Cervix Fornix Columnar Epithelium Urethra Stratified Squamous Epithelium Vulva. Vaginal Sphincter Mucosa Submucosa Updated: 10/20/2021 Submucosa

Posterior Vaginal Histology Stratified Squamous Epithelium Mucosa Updated: 10/20/2021 Submucosa

Function of External Genitalia • Labia » Closes • Clitoris » Female Updated: 10/20/2021 entrance to vagina sensory organ

External Genitalia of the Cow Anus Vulva Labia Clitoris Labia Updated: 10/20/2021

• • Phenomena For Fertility vagina dentata - a vagina with teeth female bedbug - no vagina hysterectomy - if woman went to long without becoming pregnant then uterus would wonder in body causing hysteria and other distresses hyena - clitoris is very large and looks like the male penis; female also has a false scrotum (labia); female is the dominate sex and produces more testosterone than male Updated: 10/20/2021