Animal ScienceDairy Science 434 Reproductive Physiology Lecture 1

Animal Science/Dairy Science 434 Reproductive Physiology Lecture 1: Introduction, Female Anatomy Updated: 9/24/2021

Instructor • • John J. Parrish 714 Animal Science parrish@calshp. cals. wisc. edu 263 -4324 Updated: 9/24/2021

Laboratories • • • Tuesday, Wednesday or Thursday Room 134 Animal Science 3: 30 - 5: 30 » may last until 6: 00 Updated: 9/24/2021

Text • Pathways to Pregnancy and Parturition » P. L. Senger • • Updated: 9/24/2021 UW Bookstore Library

Web Page http: //www. wisc. edu/ansci_repro/ • • Updated: 9/24/2021 Syllabus Lecture Outlines and Handouts Labs Old Exams Project Information Important Dates Grading

434 Web Site Modifications • • Updates may occur daily. Lecture outlines and labs are currently for last year 2001 lecture updates may be up the night before lecture but I only guarantee them by 8: 00 AM the day of lecture. 2001 lab material will be updated by the time of Tuesday’s lecture. Updated: 9/24/2021

Web Page Techniques • Netscape 4 or better » Internet Explorer 4 or better • Will work best from a campus networked computer » essential for video clips in Web. CT • • • Display set for 800 X 600 Frames were used in page construction » Printing (check FAQ) » movement within web site Reload button » the site is continually being changed Updated: 9/24/2021

Updated: 9/24/2021

Initial Syllabus Lectures Labs Handouts Old Exams Project FAQ Updated: 9/24/2021

Syllabus Updated: 9/24/2021

Important Dates • Lecture Exams » February 22 » April 10 » May 12 (7: 25 PM, Sat. ) • Lab Exams » February 27 (given 3 X on Tuesday) » May 1 - 3 (taken in lab) • Oral Final » April 16 to end of class Updated: 9/24/2021

Grading The final grade will be curved but generally ends near the following percentages: A (100 -93%), AB (88 -93%), B (80 -88%), BC (79 -70%), C (69 -60%), D (59 -50%), F (<50%). Updated: 9/24/2021

Sheep Video Updated: 9/24/2021

Instructions • • Graded exercise (5 points) Write on a sheet of paper what is happening in the video. (2 minutes) » Print your name on the paper • Form groups of 4 or 5; elect recorder and reporter. » Take 4 minutes and discuss what is happening in the video and then make a list of these things. » Print names of group members at bottom of list. Updated: 9/24/2021

Lecture 1 Female Reproductive Tract Anatomy Updated: 9/24/2021

A cow is a bull’s way of making another bull. Updated: 9/24/2021 Rex M. Butterfield; The Angus Society of Australia

Learning Objectives • To learn the different structures and nomenclatures for the parts of the female reproductive system. • To learn the basic functions for the different parts of the tract and how they work together. Updated: 9/24/2021

Names Species Common Name Adult Female Adult Male Bovine Ovine Equine Procine cattle sheep horse swine(pig) cow ewe mare sow bull ram stallion boar Updated: 9/24/2021

Female Reproductive Tract Sow Vulva Uterine Horn Vagina Cervix Broad Ligament Uterine Body Bladder Oviduct Updated: 9/24/2021 Ovary

Uterine Body Uterine Horn Ovary Oviduct Cervix Bladder Vagina Urethra Clitoris Updated: 9/24/2021 Vulva

Rectum Uterus Vulva Vagina Ovary Pelvis Bladder Cervix Oviduct Broad Ligament Updated: 9/24/2021

Broad Ligament • Updated: 9/24/2021 connective tissue sheet which supports and suspends the reproductive tract

Broad Ligament mesometrium mesovarium mesosalpinx Updated: 9/24/2021

Ovary - Primary Sex Organ • Functions » Hormonal • Estrogen • Progesterone » Female gamete • Oocyte Updated: 9/24/2021

Ovary Corpus Luteum Progesterone Updated: 9/24/2021 Follicle - Estrogen, Oocyte Corpus Luteum Progesterone

Ovary Germinal Epithelium Cortex Medulla Tunica Albuginea Blood and lymphatic Vessels & nerves Updated: 9/24/2021 } Hilus

Ruptured follicle (ovulation) Tertiary follicle Primary follicle Egg nest Tertiary follicle Atretic follicle Corpus hemorrhagicum Updated: 9/24/2021 Corpus luteum Secondary follicle Corpus albicans

Primordial Follicle Cells Nucleus • Flattened cells surround oocyte Primary Follicle • Increase in size of oocyte and height of follicular cells Ooplasma Follicular Cells Secondary follicle • Surrounded by several layers of follicular cells Oocyte Tertiary follicle • Follicle forms a fluid filled cavity • Differentiation of cell layers in the follicle wall Updated: 9/24/2021 Fluid Cavity Antrum

Follicular Histology Primordial Primary Updated: 9/24/2021

Follicular Histology Secondary Updated: 9/24/2021

Tertiary Follicle Theca Externa Antrum (Follicular Fluid) Theca Interna Basement Membrane Granulosa Oocyte Updated: 9/24/2021 Cumulus Oophorus

Primary Follicles Tertiary Follicle Secondary Follicle Theca Interna Granulosa Oocyte Cumulus Oophorus Antrum Updated: 9/24/2021

Follicular Blood Supply Theca interna cells Basement Membrane Granulosa cells Capillary network Updated: 9/24/2021 Follicular fluid

Secondary Sex Organ: A Series of Tubes to Convey the Oocyte/Embryo/Fetus to the Outside Serosa Submucosa Lumen Mucosa Updated: 9/24/2021 Longitudinal smooth muscle layer Circular smooth muscle layer Muscularis

Functions of Oviduct • Gamete Transport » Sperm » Oocyte • • Supports early embryo development Transport of embryo to uterus Updated: 9/24/2021

Uterine Horn Isthmus Utero-Tubal Junction Oviduct Ampullary-Isthmic Junction Ampulla Infundibulum Ostium Cumulus Oophorus and Oocyte Fimbria Ovary Updated: 9/24/2021 Follicle

Oviduct Ampulla Mesosalpinx Isthmus UT Junction Uterine Horn Updated: 9/24/2021

Oviduct Histology Mucosa • Ciliated Columnar • Nonciliated Columnar Updated: 9/24/2021

Functions of the Uterus • Muscle contractions » Transport sperm » Expel fetus and placenta • • Absorption and phagocytosis Partially prepares sperm for fertilization » capacitation • • Provides environment for embryo and fetal growth Hormone production » Prostaglandin F 2 a production Updated: 9/24/2021

Uterus (bovine) • Bicornuate horn » poorly to moderately developed uterine horns » uterine body » one cervix body cervix Updated: 9/24/2021

Caruncles Updated: 9/24/2021

Uterine Histology Endometrium Updated: 9/24/2021 Perimetrium Myometrium Endometrial Glands

Uterine Histology Mucosa Endometrium Submucosa Myometrium Perimetrium Updated: 9/24/2021 Endometrial Gland

Functions of the Cervix • • • Transport of sperm Barrier to sperm (species dependent) Reservoir for sperm Blocking bacterial invasion during pregnancy Birth canal Updated: 9/24/2021

Uterine Body Internal Cervical Os • Cervix is composed of thick connective tissue • Mucus is secreted near the time of breeding and ovulation. Cervix Cow has 4 -5 annular rings External Cervical Os Updated: 9/24/2021 COW Vagina

Cervix COW Internal Os Cervical Ring Fornix External Os Anterior Vagina Updated: 9/24/2021 EWE Fornix Anterior Vagina

Functions of the Vagina • • Copulatory organ Glands secrete lubrication Birth canal Glands secrete pheremones Updated: 9/24/2021

Vagina Anterior Vagina Posterior Vagina (Vestibule) Cervix Fornix Columnar Epithelium Urethra Stratified Squamous Epithelium Vulva. Vaginal Sphincter Mucosa Submucosa Updated: 9/24/2021 Submucosa

Posterior Vaginal Histology Stratified Squamous Epithelium Mucosa Updated: 9/24/2021 Submucosa

Function of External Genitalia • Labia » Closes entrance to vagina • Clitoris » Female sensory organ Updated: 9/24/2021

External Genitalia of the Cow Anus Vulva Labia Clitoris Labia Updated: 9/24/2021

• • Phenomena For Fertility vagina dentata - a vagina with teeth female bedbug - no vagina hysterectomy - if woman went to long without becoming pregnant then uterus would wonder in body causing hysteria and other distresses hyena - clitoris is very large and looks like the male penis; female also has a false scrotum (labia); female is the dominate sex and produces more testosterone than male Updated: 9/24/2021