Animal ScienceDairy Science 434 Reproductive Physiology Lecture 1

Animal Science/Dairy Science 434 Reproductive Physiology Lecture 1: Introduction, Female Anatomy Updated: 2/27/2021

What is happening in this image? Updated: 2/27/2021

Instructions • Graded exercise (5 points) • On the card provided, list 3 things that you observe or know are occurring in the scene. (2 minutes) » Print • Form your name at the top groups of 4 or 5 group on your card). » Take (List the names in the 2 minutes to discuss the scene and make a group list of what is occurring in the scene. Updated: 2/27/2021

Potential Ways To Interpret Image • Superficial » Looking into » Touching • Physiological each other’s eyes changes » Heart rates increasing » Increased blood flow to reproductive organs • Lubrication of vagina, clitoral enlargement, contractions of uterus • Erection of penis, contractions of epididymis Updated: 2/27/2021

Instructor • John J. Parrish • 714 Animal Science • parrish@ansci. wisc. edu • 263 -4324 Updated: 2/27/2021

Laboratories • Tuesday, Wednesday • Room 134 Animal Science • 3: 30 - 5: 30 » may Updated: 2/27/2021 last until 6: 00

Text (Required) • • • Updated: 2/27/2021 Pathways to Pregnancy and Parturition - Second Edition » P. L. Senger UW Bookstore Library (not on reserve)

Web Page http: //www. wisc. edu/ansci_repro/ • • Updated: 2/27/2021 Syllabus Lecture Outlines and Handouts Labs Old Exams Project Information Important Dates Grading

434 Web Site Modifications • Updates may occur daily. • Lecture outlines and labs are • • currently for last year 2005 lecture updates are usually done by 8: 15 the day of lecture (no guarantee) 2005 lab material will be updated by the time of Tuesday’s lecture. Updated: 2/27/2021

• Web Page Techniques Will work best from a campus networked computer » essential for video clips in Learn@UW • • Display set for 800 X 600 Frames were used in page construction • Reload button (for lab computers) » » Printing (check FAQ) movement within web site » the Updated: 2/27/2021 site is continually being changed

Updated: 2/27/2021

Initial Syllabus Lectures Labs Handouts Old Exams Project FAQ Updated: 2/27/2021

Syllabus Updated: 2/27/2021

Important Dates • Lecture Exams » February 17 » April 5 » May 11 (12: 25 • Lab Exams • Oral Final Updated: 2/27/2021 PM, Wed. ) » February 22 -23 (given in lab) » April 26 -27 (given in lab) » April 5 to end of class

Grading (Tentative) Lecture Exam III Lab Exam II Oral Final Project Lab Exercises Lab quizzes (start of lab; 5 @ 5 pts each) Lab quizzes (end of lab; 13 @ 5 pts each) 100 100 50 50 100 200 65 25 65 Total 855 The final grade will be curved but generally ends near the following percentages: A (100 -93%), AB (88 -93%), B (80 -88%), BC (79 -70%), C (69 -60%), D (59 -50%), F (<50%). Updated: 2/27/2021

Case or Problem Based Approach Dear Uncle Ed; I turned my heifers out this fall with a bull. The veterinarian determined most were pregnant in January. The heifer in the center of the picture was however not pregnant. What could be the problem? Your nephew, John Updated: 2/27/2021

How do you approach a case? • What • information is relevant and what is not? What do you need to know? » Where • Team will you find this information? or Group responsibilities » What will each » Time limits Updated: 2/27/2021 member do?

Lecture 1 Female Reproductive Tract Anatomy Updated: 2/27/2021

Learning Objectives • To learn the different structures and nomenclatures for the parts of the female reproductive system. • To learn the basic functions for the different parts of the tract and how they work together. Updated: 2/27/2021

Equine - Horse Male Updated: 2/27/2021 Stallion Female Mare

Bovine - Cattle Male Updated: 2/27/2021 Bull Female Cow

Ovine - Sheep Male Updated: 2/27/2021 Ram Female Ewe

Porcine - Swine - Pig Male Updated: 2/27/2021 Boar Female Sow

Avian - Chicken Male Updated: 2/27/2021 Rooster Female Hen

Uterine Body Uterine Horn Ovary Oviduct Cervix Bladder Vagina Urethra Clitoris Updated: 2/27/2021 Vulva

Rectum Uterus Vulva Vagina Ovary Pelvis Bladder Cervix Oviduct Broad Ligament Updated: 2/27/2021

Broad Ligament • Updated: 2/27/2021 connective tissue sheet which supports and suspends the reproductive tract

Broad Ligament mesometrium mesovarium mesosalpinx Updated: 2/27/2021

Ovary - Primary Sex Organ • Functions » Hormonal • Estrogen • Progesterone » Female gamete • Oocyte Updated: 2/27/2021

Ovary Corpus Luteum Progesterone Updated: 2/27/2021 Follicle - Estrogen, Oocyte Corpus Luteum Progesterone

Ovary Germinal Epithelium Cortex 85% of Ovarian Cancers Medulla Tunica Albuginea Blood and lymphatic Vessels & nerves Updated: 2/27/2021 } Hilus

Ruptured follicle (ovulation) Tertiary follicle Primary follicle Egg nest Tertiary follicle Atretic follicle Corpus hemorrhagicum Updated: 2/27/2021 Corpus luteum Secondary follicle Corpus albicans

Primordial Follicle Cells • Flattened cells Nucleus surround oocyte Primary Follicle Ooplasma • Increase in size of oocyte and Follicular Cells height of follicular cells Secondary follicle Oocyte • Surrounded by several layers of follicular cells Tertiary follicle • Follicle forms a fluid filled cavity • Differentiation of cell layers Updated: 2/27/2021 in the follicle wall Antrum

Tertiary Follicle Theca Externa Antrum (Follicular Fluid) Theca Interna Basement Membrane Granulosa Oocyte Updated: 2/27/2021 Cumulus Oophorus

Tertiary Follicle Theca Interna Granulosa Oocyte Cumulus Oophorus Antrum Updated: 2/27/2021

Follicular Blood Supply Theca interna cells Basement Membrane Granulosa cells Capillary network Updated: 2/27/2021 Follicular fluid

Secondary Sex Organ: A Series of Tubes to Convey the Oocyte/Embryo/Fetus to the Outside Serosa Submucosa Lumen Mucosa Updated: 2/27/2021 Longitudinal smooth muscle layer Circular smooth muscle layer Muscularis

Functions of Oviduct • Gamete » Sperm » Oocyte Transport • Supports • early embryo development Transport of embryo to uterus Updated: 2/27/2021

Uterine Horn Isthmus Utero-Tubal Junction Oviduct Ampullary-Isthmic Junction Ostium Ampulla Infundibulum (20 - 30 cm 2) Cumulus Oophorus and Oocyte Fimbria Ovary Updated: 2/27/2021 Follicle

Oviduct Ampulla Mesosalpinx Isthmus UT Junction Uterine Horn Updated: 2/27/2021

Oviduct Histology Mucosa • Ciliated Columnar • Nonciliated Columnar Updated: 2/27/2021

Functions of the Uterus • Muscle contractions » Transport sperm » Expel fetus and placenta • Absorption and phagocytosis • Partially prepares sperm for fertilization » capacitation • Provides • environment for embryo and fetal growth Hormone production Updated: 2/27/2021

horn Uterus (bovine) • Bicornuate » poorly body to moderately developed uterine horns cervix » uterine body » one cervix Updated: 2/27/2021

Caruncles Updated: 2/27/2021

Uterine Histology Endometrium Updated: 2/27/2021 Perimetrium Myometrium Endometrial Glands

Uterine Histology Mucosa Endometrium Submucosa Myometrium Perimetrium Updated: 2/27/2021 Endometrial Gland

Functions of the Cervix • Transport of sperm • Barrier to sperm (species dependent) • Reservoir for sperm • Blocking bacterial invasion during • pregnancy Birth canal Updated: 2/27/2021

Uterine Body Internal Cervical Os • Cervix is composed of thick connective tissue • Mucus is secreted near the time of breeding and ovulation. Cervix Cow has 4 -5 annular rings External Cervical Os Updated: 2/27/2021 COW Vagina

Cervix COW Internal Os Cervical Ring Fornix External Os EWE Anterior Vagina Updated: 2/27/2021 Fornix Anterior Vagina

Functions of the Vagina • Copulatory organ • Glands secrete lubrication • Birth canal • Glands secrete pheremones Updated: 2/27/2021

Vagina Anterior Vagina Posterior Vagina (Vestibule) Cervix Fornix Columnar Epithelium Urethra Stratified Squamous Epithelium Vulva. Vaginal Sphincter Mucosa Submucosa Updated: 2/27/2021 Submucosa

Posterior Vaginal Histology Stratified Squamous Epithelium Mucosa Updated: 2/27/2021 Submucosa

Function of External Genitalia • Labia » Closes • Clitoris » Female Updated: 2/27/2021 entrance to vagina sensory organ

External Genitalia of the Cow Anus Vulva Labia Clitoris Labia Updated: 2/27/2021

• • Phenomena For Fertility vagina dentata - a vagina with teeth female bedbug - no vagina hysterectomy - if woman went to long without becoming pregnant then uterus would wonder in body causing hysteria and other distresses hyena - clitoris is very large and looks like the male penis; female also has a false scrotum (labia); female is the dominate sex and produces more testosterone than male Updated: 2/27/2021