Animal Science 434 Lecture 14 Epididymis Ejaculation and
- Slides: 30
Animal Science 434 Lecture 14: Epididymis, Ejaculation and Semen
Sperm Structure Head Neck Middle Piece Annulus Principal Piece End Piece Acrosome
Sperm From Different Species
Sperm Head (Equatorial Segment) Nucleus
Acrosome Plasma Membrane Nucleus
• Acrosin • Hyaluronidase Acrosome Nucleus Plasma Membrane
d a e rh o i r e t s o P Capitulum Laminated columns (flexibility) Mitochondrial helix (energy) Middle piece Course outer fibers Axoneme (9 + 2)
Annulus Midpiece Principal Piece Fibrous Sheath or helix
Axoneme Middle Piece Principal Piece
Axoneme
Microtubule Sliding in Sperm Tail
Sperm Metabolism Glucose-6 -phosphate Hexokinase Glucose Phosphohexoisomerase Fructose-6 -phosphate Fructose Hexokinase Anerobic Metabolism (Glycolysis) Lactate + 2 ATP + 2 H 2 O Fatty Acids Tricarboxcylic Acid Cycle 36 ATP/Glucose 36 ATP/Fructose Aerobic Metabolism
Sperm Metabolism phosphatase Glucose-6 -phosphate Hexokinase Glucose Phosphohexoisomerase Fructose-6 -phosphate Fructose Hexokinase Anerobic Metabolism (Glycolysis) Lactate + 2 ATP + 2 H 2 O Fatty Acids Tricarboxcylic Acid Cycle 36 ATP/Glucose 36 ATP/Fructose Aerobic Metabolism
ATP Utilization in Sperm • motility (60%) • substrate cycling (40%) – wasted • maintenance of ionic gradients – very small amount • transcription and translation – none after condensation of nucleus and loss of residual body
Sperm Metabolism • Temperature dependent – ATP production increases as temperature increases • ATP dependent processes are temperature dependent – motility increases with increasing temperature
Velocity (µm/s) Effect of Temperature on Motility Temperature (C)
Transport of Sperm Caput • contractions Rete Testis • fluid flow • RT secretion Seminiferous Tubule • bulk fluid flow • contractions of of myoid cells Vas Efferentia • fluid flow • cilia Vas Deferens • contractions Corpus • contractions Cauda • contractions
Epididymal Function 1. Maturation – – change in fertility develop motility nuclear condensation cytoplasmic droplet 2. Concentration – remove water
Epididymal Function 3. Secretion – T DHT – energy substrates (GPC, free fatty acids, carnitine) – glycoproteins, lipids, enzymes 4. Transport – smooth muscle contraction 5. Storage – cauda
Hormonal Control of Epididymis • Absolute need for Androgen • Caput – tubal testosterone • Corpus – tubal dihydrotestosterone (DHT) – vascular testosterone • Cauda – tubal DHT – vascular testosterone
Erection Sensory Sympathetic Psychic relaxation of penile retractor muscle Inhibit vasoconstriction Parasympathetic contraction of ischiocavernosus muscle dilation of vessels decreased venous outflow engorgement of corpus cavernosum
Emission and Ejaculation Sensory Psychic Sympathetic Parasympathetic smooth muscle contraction of prostate, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, cauda epididymis, closure of the sphincter to the bladder striated muscle contraction of ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, pelvic urethral emission ejaculation
Ejaculate Characteristics Species Time lapse for Composition of Bull 1 second single fraction Ram 1 second single fraction Boar 5 - 25 minutes fractionated sperm-free sperm-rich coagulum Stallion 30 - 60 seconds fractionated sperm-free sperm-rich mucus Human 10 - 30 seconds single fraction but coagulated
Components of Semen • water • sperm • substrates – fructose – sorbitol – inositol – glycerol phosphatidyl choline (GPC) – citric acid • inorganic salts – sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride • proteins
Initial Semen Evaluation • • • color volume concentration motility viability morphology
Ejaculate Characteristics Species Ejaculate Volume Sperm Total Sperm Conc. (x 109) (x 109/ml) /Ejaculate % % Motile Normal Bull 8. 0 1. 5 12 75 95 Ram 1. 0 3 95 95 Boar 200 . 25 50 70 90 Stallion 80 . 15 12 70 40 -90 Man 2 -6 . 15 . 9 65 30 -70
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