Animal poisons Snakes Scorpions Egyptian cobra Horned viper

Animal poisons Snakes Scorpions Egyptian cobra Horned viper

Taxonomy: Family: Elapidae Genus: Elapine Species: Egyptian cobra

Characters: Head Neck canine Eye ball Length &jumping Laying of eggs

Venom composition and toxic action Neurotoxins Curare like toxins Hematotoxins

Clinical signs: -Presence of fang mark in the center of a swollen area with blood oozing from them. -The general symptoms may appear 20 m. after biting as follow: • Firstly the animal become restless, excited then quiet and depressed. • Difficulty in swallowing, watery salivation, nausea and vomiting. • Recumbencey of the animal, coldness of the extremities and sever sweating. • Miosis and loss of sensation. • Death resulted from paralysis of cardiac and respiratory center • If the animal survive for long time signs of hematotoxins will appear

P. M. findings: • Local reaction at the site of bite. • Signs of asphyxia lab. Diagnosis: • Haemoconcentration • Hemolysis of RBCs • Change of coagulation time

Treatment Symptomatic treatment: Antidotal therapy: First aid:

2 - Horned Viper:

Taxonomy: Family: Viperidae Genus: Viper Species: Horned Viper

Characters: Head Neck canine Eye ball Length &jumping Laying of eggs

Venom composition and toxic action Neurotoxins Curare like toxins Hematotoxins Cardio-toxins Cytolytic toxins Coagulative toxins

Clinical signs: Presence of swollen red area with sever pain at the site of biting. Swelling start at the site of biting then spread all over the body by the action of histamine. Hyper sensitivity congestion and hemorrhages: • Epistaxis • Hemoptysis • Bloody diarrhea • Pastiche under the skin Mydriasis Rapid thready pulse, low blood pressure& weakness. Primary or secondary nerve shock and respiratory paralysis------death. At late stage : • Hemoglobin urea • Hemorrhagic anaemia

P. M. findings &lab. diag. : As in cobra

Treatment Symptomatic treatment: Antidotal therapy: First aid:

3 -Scorpions:

Venom composition and toxic action As cobra + Muscarinic like action

Clinical signs: • Sever pain may lead to shock • Local edema at the site of biting • Increase the body temperature within 1 -2 hrs from biting. • Salivation, nausea, abdominal cramps, chest pain, sweating…. . • Hemorrhages under the skin and mucous membranes. • Dyspnea, temporary blindness, respiratory arrest and cardiac failure.

Although the venom composition of scorpion is more powerful than cobra, deaths from cobra are more than scorpion why?

P. M. findings: Redness and congestion at the site of biting. Congestion and hemorrhages at various organs. Pulmonary edema.

Lab. Diagnosis: Infiltration of lymphocytes and monocytes at the site of biting. Increased serum potassium level. Decreased serum sodium level.

Treatment Symptomatic treatment: Antidotal therapy: First aid: