Animal Microbiology Henan Agricultural University Lecturer Cui baoan

Animal Microbiology Henan Agricultural University Lecturer: Cui bao-an

Reference books

What is a microbe? The word microbe (microorganism) is used to describe an organism that is so small that, normally, it cannot be seen without the use of a microscope. Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and some algae are all included in this category.

SARS 31个国家

SARS Sars outbreak April: Severe acute respiratory syndrome spread with alarming rapidity across the Far East.

The importance of microbiology • Microbes impinge on all aspects of life, just a few of these are listed below: Environment Medicine Food Biotechnology Research

environment Microbes are responsible for the cycling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphors (geochemical cycles), all essential components of living organisms (Topic FI). They are found in association with plants in symbiotic relationships, maintain soil fertilitv and may also be used to clean up the environment of toxic compounds (bio-remediation; ). Some microbes are devastating plant pathogens, which destroy important food crops, but others may act as biological control agents against these diseases.

food Microbes have been used for thousands of years, in many processes, to produce food, from brewing and wine making, through cheese production and bread making, to the manufacture of soy sauce (Topic F 2). At the other end of the scale, microbes are responsible for food spoilage, and disease-causing microbes are frequently carried on food (Topic F 5).

research Microbes have been used extensively as model organisms for the investigation of biochemical and genetical processes as they are much easier to work with than more complex animals and plants. Millions of copies of the same single cell can be produced in large numbers very quickly and at low cost to give plenty of homogeneous experimental material. An additional advantage is that most people have no ethical objections to experiments with these microorganisms.

The discovery of microorganisms • Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632 -1723) 荷兰商人 1676年 安东·吕文虎克 • The first person to accurately observe and describe microorganisms 他没有上 过大学，但 却在 1680 年被选为英 国皇家学会的 会员。

Louis Pasteur (1822 – 1895) Pasteur’s contributions: • Final refutation of spontaneous generation – birth of microbiology as a science • Discovery of the existence of anaerobic life – fermentation • Vaccines • Pasteurization Louis Pasteur working in his laboratory

曲颈瓶试验 Pasteur’s swan neck flasks used in his experiments on the spontaneous generation of microorganisms

Kock’s postulates 1. The microorganisms must be present in every case of the disease but absent from healthy host 2. The suspected microorganisms must be isolated and grown in a pure culture. 3. The disease must result when the isolated microorganisms is inoculated into a healthy host. 4. The same microorganisms must be isolated again from the diseased host

Microbial physiology 微生物生理学 Microbial genetics 微生物基因学 Microbial Morphology 微生物形态学 Parasitology 寄生虫学 Virology 病毒学 Mycology 真菌学 Microbiology Protozoology 原生动物学 Bacteriology 细菌学 Microbial ecology 微生态学 Microbial taxonomy 微生物分类学 Molecular biology 分子生物学 Phycology or Algology 藻类学

Microbial world Organisms Infectious agents (non-living) (living) Prokaryotes 原核生物 (unicellular) Eubacteria Archaea 真细菌 古生菌 细菌 bacteria 放线菌 actinomyces Eukaryotes 真核生物 Algae藻类 (unicellular or multicellular 立克次氏体 viruses Fungi真菌 (unicellular or multicellular 衣原体 Chlamydia et al. viroids Protozoa 原生动物 (unicellular ) prions Other multicellular organisms