ANIMAL KINGDOM College Biology Bill Palmer Animal Kingdom
ANIMAL KINGDOM College Biology Bill Palmer
Animal Kingdom Some are Warm and Fuzzy!
Animal Kingdom Some are Mean and Scary!
Animal Kingdom-Nine Phyla PORIFERA SPONGE CNIDERIA JELLYFISH PLATYHELMINTHEA FLATWORM NEMATODA ROUNDWORM MOLLUSCA CLAM, OYSTER, SQUID ANNELIDA FISHING WORM ARTHROPODA GRASSHOPPER, CRAB ECHINODERMATA SEA STAR CHORDATA FISH, MAN
Porifera Cnidaria (Phyla) Nematoda Platyhelminthes Annelida Mollusca pseudocoel protosomes Echinodermata Arthropoda coelom deuterosomes body cavity Radial symmetry bilateral tissue symmetry tissue ancestral protist Tree for Classifying Animals Chordata coelom
Characteristics of Animals Eukaryotic Multicellular Embryonic development Heterotrophic, ingestive No cell walls Mobile Tissues
Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Remember: There may be sub-groups and supra-groups
Phylum Porifera: The Sponges No organs Conglomerate of cells Sexual Reproduction Asexual reproduction Budding
Phylum Porifera: The Sponges Most Marine Some Fresh water (Grantia) Grantia freshwater Marine
Anatomy of Typical Sponge osculum Inner cells with flagellae create currents The currents cause water flow into pores and out the osculum at top. Spicules strengthen the walls.
Cnidaria (The Stingers)
Phylum Cnidaria Examples: Jelly fish, corals, anemones Stinging Cells (cnidocytes) • harpoons 2 stages Polyp Medusa
Phylum Cnidaria Most are Marine Some Fresh water Look for freshwater jellyfish in fall in large MO reservoirs
TWO FORMS tentacles MEDUSA mesoglea gastrovascular cavity mouth gastrovascular cavity mesoglea POLYP mouth tentacles
Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flatworms Examples: Flukes, Planaria, Tapeworms Organs present No system of blood circulation Parasitic (tapeworms, flukes) Free-living (planaria)
Phylum Platyhelminthes: Flukes Human Liver Fluke This species affects humans and destroys the liver.
Phylum Platyhelminthes: Tapeworms Human Tapeworm A parasite Head or Scolex
Body Plan of Flatworm: Dugesia Nervous System Head region Primitive Eyes Reproduction Planaria Sexual Asexual Nervous system Reproductive system nerve cords genital pore primitive eyes cerebral ganglia penis testes ovaries
Porifera Cnidaria (Phyla) Nematoda Platyhelminthes Annelida Mollusca pseudocoel protosomes Echinodermata Arthropoda Chordata coelom deuterosomes body cavity Complete digestive tract Radial symmetry bilateral tissue symmetry tissue ancestral protist Tree for Classifying Animals coelom
Phylum Nematoda: Roundworms Examples: Hookworm, Round worms, Guinea worm Organs Present Complete digestive tract Roles pests for farmers human parasites • trichinosis and hookworm • Sexual reproduction Free living Separate sexes
Phylum Nematoda: Hookworms Adult Worm “Mouth” with teeth Hookworms enter humans through the soles of the feet
Phylum Nematoda: Roundworms Male Female
CAUTION!! Next slide is graphic
Guinea worms- (Serpent of Fire in Bible)?
Phylum Mollusca Classes Gastropods (snails, slugs) Bivalves (oysters, clams, and mussels) Cephalopods (octopus, squid, and nautilus) Mantle tissue Secretes shells
Mollusca Gastropod Cephalapoda Bivalves
Mollusca-Giant Squid
Phylum Annelida: Segmented Worms Examples: earthworms, leeches Body segmentation Reproduction Hermaphroditic (1 organism is male and female)
brain dorsal blood vessel mouth “hearts” intestine No lungs coelomic space muscular walls between segments anus pairs of bristles segments Anatomy of Earthworm
Arthropoda (The jointed) Crab with recently shed exoskeleton
Phylum Arthropoda: Jointed appendages Exoskeleton carbohydrate protein Molting • Limits? Appendages jointed
Three Subphyla I. Uniramia (Insects) • Three Segments (head, thorax, abdomen) II. Crustacea (shrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles) III. Chelicerata (Spiders, ticks, mites, horseshoe crabs, centipedes, millipedes, scorpions) • Chelicerae: Appendages near mouth used in feeding and venom injection • Pedipalps (feeding/ courting/prey handling)
SOME INSECT ORDERS (There are more than 20 orders) True Bug Beetles Flies Homoptera Coleoptera Diptera
SOME INSECT ORDERS (There are more than 20 orders) Bees, Wasps Butterflies Hymenoptera Lepidoptera Grasshoppers Orthoptera
Insect Centipede
Barnacle Lobster Water flea (Daphnia)
Horseshoe Crab Spider (Tarantula) Mite
Echinodermata. The Spiny Ones Sea Star (old=Starfish) Sea Cucumber Sea Anemone
Phylum Echinodermata: Spiny skin Examples: starfish, sea urchin, sea cucumber, sand dollar Water vascular system tube feet
The Chordates Cephalochordata Vertebra Urochordata
Phylum Chordata Three Subphyla Cephalochordata • Amphioxus (only representative) Urochordata • Sea squirts post-anal tail dorsal nerve cord notochord Vertebrata pharyngeal slits Amphioxus anus
Cephalochordata Amphioxus
Urochordata Sea squirts (Tunicate)
Vertebrata Cheetah
Vertebrates 1. Cartilaginous fish (shark, ray) 2. Bony fish (blue gill, salmon) 3. Amphibian (frog, salamander) 4. Reptile (snake, turtle, lizard) 5. Birds (ostrich, swallow) 6. Mammals (bear, human, duckbilled platypus)
Vertebrate Evolution Cartilage to Bone Half of vertebrates are fish. sharks and rays cartilaginous Most are bony fish Transition to Land: Amphibians: First land vertebrates aquatic embryos and larvae adults need moist environments.
Cartilaginous Fish Manta Ray
Lobe-finned Coelacanth Ancestor of all land vertebrates
Bony Fish Largemouth Bass Rainbow Trout Marlin
Amphibians Salamander Frog Toad
Amphibian Life Cycle mature frog female immature frog egg fertilized egg sperm tadpole developing embryo
Reptiles Snakes Turtles Alligators Lizards
Vertebrate Evolution Birds and Reptiles Amniotic Egg • Terrestrial development • Internal Fertilization Dinosaurs to Birds Bone similarities Transitional fossil
It has the teeth and claws of a dinosaur, but the unmistakable feathers of a bird. The drawing at right is an artist’s interpretation of the fossil at left. a Archaeopteryx
Common Bird Types Duck Bald Eagle American Robin
Common Bird Types Sandpiper Pheasant Hummingbird
Vertebrate Evolution Mammals Characteristics • Mammary glands • Near-constant internal temperature • hair • eggs that develop internally
Vertebrate Evolution Reproduction in Mammals Monotremes Marsupials Placentals
Monotremes Egg-laying mammals Duck-Billed Platypus
Marsupials Mature in pouch Kangaroo w/ Joey
Marsupials Opossum is a common Missouri Marsupial
Placental Nutrition from placenta Grizzly Bear
SOME PLACENTAL ORDERS Orca Bat Cetacean Chiroptera Lion Carnivore Porcupine Rodent
SOME PLACENTAL ORDERS Gorilla Whitetail Deer Primate Ungulate Elephant Seal Proboscidae Pinnadea
Wrap up 1. What are the 9 major phyla we 2. 3. 4. 5. examined? What are examples of the 9 major phyla? What are the characteristics that place the organisms into those Phyla? What is symmetry? Types? What are examples of organisms with different types of symmetry?
Wrap up 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. What are examples of organisms with different types of coeloms? What are the 4 major characteristics of Chordata? What are the 6 classes of Vertebrata? What are the characteristics of the 6 classes of Vertebrata? What are the 3 types of mammals? (Define, describe, recognize and give examples? )
HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
HOMEWORK Tell the PHYLUM to which this belongs:
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