Animal Kingdom Animals are either Invertebrates no bones

Animal Kingdom

Animals are either Invertebrates (no bones) or Vertebrates (have bones)

Kingdom: Animalia What do animals have in common? They are multicellular They are eukaryotes They have no cell walls and…………………. .

They are heterotrophs!

We informally divide the animal kingdom into 2 groups: Invertebrates and Vertebrates The animal kingdom is officially divided into 9 major groups called phyla.

Let’s take a look at the major Animal Phyla…. starting with the simplest to the most complex. Which animal is the most complex? The Human

9 Animal Phyla (from simplest to most complex) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Porifera- sponges Cnidaria- jellyfish, etc Platyhelminthesflatworms Nematodaroundworms Annelidasegmented worms 6. 7. 8. 9. Mollusca- clams, snails etc. Arthropoda- jointed legged buggy things Echinodermataspiny skinned ocean things Chordata- animals with bones

Phylum: Porifera(Sponges) All are aquatic n Many cells that live together, few specialized cells n Sessile (Doesn’t move, usually attached to one surface) n They have many openings in their bodies called pores n

Sponges set up water currents to get food and oxygen into their pores. and then to remove wastes. They reproduce sexually by exchanging sperm and egg by water currents filter feeders -animals that eat tiny organic particles from the water

Phylum: Cnidarian Hollow body with stinging tentacles- arm-like extensions with poison barbs. n Live in water (marine-mostly ocean) n

Hydra (with a bud) All cnidarians have stinging tentacles with stinging cells called nematocycts

Sea Anemone

Jellyfish normally float with ocean currents, but can for short periods of time move by jet propulsion.

Coral, which have created coral reefs over thousands of years Coral are critically endangered because of human interference and global warming!

Cnidarian Body Plans Polyp- sessile stage in which the tentacles are arm-like Medusamotile stage with a bellshaped body

We informally divide the animal kingdom into 2 groups: Invertebrates and Vertebrates The animal kingdom is officially divided into 9 major groups called phyla.

phylum: Platyhelminthes(Flatworms) n They have soft, flattened bodies n Most are parasitic, but a few are free-living Parasite- lives in or on another organism and hurts it

An example of a parasitic flatworm is a tapeworm These worms attach to someone’s intestines and absorb their digested food

Flukes are parasitic worms that can infect an animal’s blood or any of its internal organs.

A planaria is free-living and is found in streams, eating other animals. Planaria can reproduce asexually by a process called fission.

phylum: Nematoda n Roundworms n unsegmented with 2 body openings: a mouth and an anus n Many are free-living but some are parasites

Hookworm

Guinea worm- drinking contaminated water

This roundworm causes elephantiasis

Heartworm killed this dog

phylum: Annelida n n These are the segmented worms Annelida means “little ring” They have complex body parts, like blood vessels, nerves, excretory organs and respiratory organs. Most are hermaphrodites which means that they have both male and female reproductive organs in the same worm.

Some are free-living like the earthworm Earthworm’s mating

Some are parasitic like the leech Notice the “rings” or segments

We informally divide the animal kingdom into 2 groups: Invertebrates and Vertebrates The animal kingdom is officially divided into 9 major groups called phyla.

phylum: Mollusca n n n Soft body, some with shell. Foot- muscle used for movement and feeding. Mantle- tissue that secretes shell or covers body organs. Most live in water. 3 Groups. . .

Bivalves- use muscular foot to dig and pull through sand Some “swim” They have 2 shells Examples: clams, oysters, mussels, scallops

Scallops Video Mussels

Gastropod- one or no shell, most live in the water, but some live on land. They breathe through their skin snail slug

Cephalopod- “head foot”, most intelligent of the invertebrates, complex eyes, deadly predators Octopus

More cephalopods- the squid

phylum: Echinodermata n n Spiny skinned Tube feet- suction cups that allow them to move by attaching to surfaces Aquatic Radial symmetry

Sea Cucumber Brittle Starfish regeneration Sea Urchin

phylum: Arthropod n n n Largest animal phylum jointed legs and segmented bodies tough exoskeleton that doesn’t grow many different appendages (structures attached to the main body) 5 main groups

Crustaceans n 2 body segments, 10 legs, gills, aquatic

n They are the crayfish, lobster, crab, shrimp and this newly discovered furry crustacean.

Insects- 3 body segments, 6 legs most numerous group of animals on earth.

Grasshopper Stag Beetle Honeybee Mosquito

Arachnids- 2 body segments and 8 legs, with fangs, many are poisonous Scorpions spiders Ticks

All spiders have spinnerets which produce silk.

Chilopods- many segments with 2 legs per segment, carnivorous Centipedes

Diplopods- many segments with 4 legs per segment, herbivores millipede

Kingdom Animal: n The remaining animals we will study all belong to the same phylum: Chordata. Most of the animals in this group are called “Vertebrates” because they have an internal skeleton and backbone called a vertebra.

Nonvertebrate Chordates- There are two small groups of animals that do not have backbones. However they do have the other characteristics of chordates. They are body soft-bodied marine animals Lancelet Tunicate Although they seem like simple animals, fossil evidence indicates that they are distant relatives of ours!

phylum Chordata Also commonly called “vertebrates” n Have backbone(vertebrae) plus other bones n dorsal, hollow nerve cord which develops into the spinal cord n developed brain and nervous system n

Here are the 7 Classes of Chordates: Jawless fish- skeleton of cartilage, open gills and no jaw. Hagfish Lamprey

Cartilaginous fish- these fish have skeletons of cartilage, open gills, but definitely jaws Great White Shark Hammerhea Shark Manta Ray

Bony Fish -most common of the fish, bony skeleton, gill covers Parrotfish Sea Horse Walleye Goldfish

Amphibians- Adapted to life in wet places. Must return to water to reproduce. smooth, moist skin. Ectothermic-like the fish, their body temperature is controlled by the external environment. “cold-blooded” Toad Tadpole Frog Salamander

Reptiles- scaly skin, ectothermic, lay shelled eggs on land Komodo Dragon Painted turtle

Tortoise Crocodile Rattlesnake Python

Birds- lays eggs on land, feathers endothermic- body maintains a constant temperature “warm-blooded” Egret Robin Hummingbird Some can fly

Penguin Some can’t fly Emu Chicken Ostrich

Mammals- hair or fur, live births, endothermic, produce food for young in Bat mammary glands Dugong nursing young Chipmunk Giraffe

Mammals are most versatile of all animals, living in all sorts of habitats.

Humans are mammals too, belonging in the order: Primates. Here are some of our close relatives