Animal Joints and Joint Types Students will be

Animal Joints and Joint Types Students will be able to name joint types and their accompanying role in movement.

Joints- any of the points of connection between movable segments of an animals body. Three Types of Joints, classified by the amount of type of movement. 1. Fibrous Joint 2. Cartilage Joint 3. Synovial Joints

Fibrous Joints • • • Joined together with dense connective tissue. Called “Fixed Joints” because little movement is possible. Found in the skull, where it is called a suture

Cartilage Joints The bones in this joint type are connected with cartilage. • The growth plate of young animals serves as an example of this joint. •

Synovial Joints True moveable joints. • Joint is covered in cartilage. • This articular cartilage provides contact surface between two joints. •

Synovial Joints Con’t • • • The joint is enclosed with a joint capsule. The outer layer is strong connective tissue. This layer is lined with a synovial membrane, which produces synovial fluid. Synovial fluid provides strength to the joint. Ligaments are present.

Synovial Joints Con’t Some Synovial joints may have a meniscus, which is a hard cartilage pad. • Acts as a cushion between the bone ends. • Example: Knee •

Terms Used To Describe Motion Flexion- occurs when the angle between the two bones gets smaller. • Extension- occurs when the angle between two bones increases. •

Terms Used to Describe Motion Abduction- occurs when a part is moved away from the body. • Adduction- occurs when a part is moved closer to the body. •

Types of Joints • Hinge Joint- allows movement in one axis • Example- Elbow

Types of Joints Con’t Pivot Joint- allows for rotation around a point. • The pivot joint between the first and second vertebrae allows the head to rotate. •

Joint Types Con’t Ellipsoid- allows for motion not only in a hinge fashion but also in rotation. • Ball and sock joint, such as the hip or shoulder, allows motion in any direction •

Synovial Joint Using the clay provided, construct a synovial joint. Ø Green- articular cartilage Ø Red- Joint Capsule Ø Yellow- Bone Ø Blue- Synovial membrane Ø

Construct Three Types of Joints

Review Ø Three Types of Joints Classified by the mount or type of movement. 1. Synovial Joint 2. Fibrous Joint 3. Cartilage Joint Ø Flexion • occurs when the angle between the two bones • gets smaller. Ø Extension • occurs when the angle between two bones • increases.

Review Ø Four Types of Joints 1. Hinge Joint 2. Pivot Joint 3. Ellipsiod Joint 4. Ball and Socket Joints