ANIMAL GENETICS BREEDING Theory Introduction Dr K G

ANIMAL GENETICS & BREEDING Theory Introduction Dr K G Mandal Univ. Professor Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding Bihar Veterinary College, Patna Bihar Animal Sciences University, Patna

Introduction to Animal Genetics & Breeding PAPER Paper – I UNIT - 1 UNIT – 2 Paper - II UNIT – 3 Broad Headings 1. Biostatistics 2. Computer Application 1. Principles of Animal Genetics 2. Principles of Population Genetics 1. Principles of Animal Breeding (a) Livestock & Poultry Breeding (b) Breeding of pet, zoo and wild animas

• What is genetics? • How the characters are inherited from parents to progeny? • How the offspring resemble the parents? • How a man produce a child and how a cow produce only a calf not lamb or kid? • Why there is variation from individual to individual, among offspring of the same parents?

How the principles of genetics and population genetics can be applied for genetic improvement of farm animals and birds? • How molecular genetics can be applied for genetic improvement of farm animals? • What is statistics? • How the various statistical methods can be applied to solve the problems of animal breeding? •

Glorious Journey of Indian Dairy Sector • India the largest milk producing country in the world. • It produces 21% of world milk production. • The overall growth rate of milk production is 6. 5% for the year 2018 – 19. • Total milk produced in 2018 – 19 is 187 m tons. • By 2033 – 34, country’s milk production will be 330 m tones (NITI Ayog).

Year 1950 - 51 1970 – 71 Milk Production (million tons) 17. 0 22. 0 1990 – 91 2000 - 01 2011 - 12 2012 – 13 2015 - 16 2018 – 19 53. 9 80. 69 128. 4 134. 0 155. 4 187. 7 Per capita availability (g ) 307 394

Types of characters/traits: 1. Qualitative traits 2. Quantitative traits (a). Biometric traits (b). Econometric traits (c). Polygenic traits

Economic traits: 1. Cattle and buffalo i) milk production ii) fat % iii) LMY (Lactation Milk Yield) iv) ADMY (Average daily milk yield) v) ASM (Age at sexual maturity) vi) CI (calving interval) vii) Dry period, viii) Service period ix) Life time production, etc.

• A crossbred cow should produce one calf in 13 to 14 months interval to make the dairy enterprise profitable. • An indigenous dairy cow should produce one calf in every 14 to 15 months interval. • A buffalo cow should produce one calf in every 15 – 16 months interval. All the economic traits should be improved, but how?

2. Sheep - Fine wool production - Medium wool production - Long wool production - Fine carpet wool production - Good quality mutton production - To increase lambing size How to improve the quality and quantity? How to increase the lambing size?

3. Goat - Milk and meat (chievon) - Only for meat - Skin and hides - Pashmina and mohair - kidding size 4. Poultry - Layer for egg production - Broiler for meat production - Moderate no. of eggs and meat prodn

Objective: 1. To study the Principles of Genetics and Animal Genetics in particular. 2. To study the Principles of Population Genetics and Quantitative Genetics. 3. To study the Principles of Selection. 4. To study the Principles of Animal Breeding and Poultry Breeding. 5. To study the Biostatistics and computer application for better understanding of the subject. 6. To increase the genetic potentiality of livestock and birds species. Continued ………

Continued …. . Genetic improvement of livestock and birds species through the application of principles of genetics, and population genetics in particular, along with biometric techniques is the ultimate objective of the study of Animal Genetics and Breeding.

Books Referred: Sl. No. Title of books Authors Publication A. Biostatistics 1. Statistical Methods Dr S P Gupta Sultan Chand & Sons 2. Statistical Methods Snedecor & Cochran Oxford & IBH Pub. Co. 3. Biostatistics P. N. Arora & PK Malhan Himalaya Pub. House 4. Statistical Methods for Biological Workers SK Pillai & HC Sinha Ram Prasad & Sons, Agra B. Genetics 1. Principles of Genetics Sinnott, Dunn & Dodzhansky TMH Pub. Co. Ltd. 2. Principles of Genetics Gardner & Snustad 3. Genetics Strickberger Macmillan

Sl. No. Title of books Authors Publication C. Population Genetics 1. Introduction to quantitative Genetics DS Falconer Longman, London 2. Population Genetics (I & II) SS Tomar I. Universal Publica. II. Kalyani Pub. D. Animal Breeding 1. Anima Breeding Warwicks & Legates 2. Animal Breeding SS Tomar Kalyani Publishers 3 Hand Book of Animal Husbandry ICAR, Newdelhi E. Basic Computer Science Any author

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