Animal Farm Key Terms Animal Farm is a

Animal Farm Key Terms

Animal Farm is a TRAGEDY. • A tragedy is any narrative work (film, play, novel) that portrays extremely unfortunate events and has an unhappy but meaningful ending. Tragedy

Boxer is a TRAGIC HERO. • A tragic hero is a great or virtuous character in a dramatic tragedy who is destined for downfall, suffering, or defeat. Tragic Hero

Animal Farm is a form of SATIRE. �Type of writing that ridicules human weakness, vice, or folly in order to bring about social reform; stages a critique of an individual, group, or idea by exaggerating faults and revealing hypocrisies �Attempts to persuade the reader to do or believe something by showing the opposite view as absurd or vicious and inhumane.

Satire

Satire in Animal Farm

Animal Farm is a FABLE. • Brief often humorous story • Teaches a moral, or a practical lesson about life • Characters of most fables are animals that behave and speak like humans • Ex: Aesop’s Fables, La Fontaine’s Fables

�A story that can be read on two distinct levels AND characters and events represent something else �Are used by the writer to convey a moral or philosophical message Animal Farm is an Allegory

• • Figurative Language Imagery Flashback Foreshadowing Dramatic Irony Propaganda Rhetorical Questions Loaded Language Animal Farm uses many types of literary devices.

Treating abstractions or inanimate objects as human, that is, giving them human attributes, powers, or feelings. Figurative Language Personification 10

• Consists of descriptive words and phrases that recreate sensory experiences for the reader. • Usually appeals to one or more the five senses – sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch – to help the reader imagine exactly what is being described. Imagery

• But no animal escapes the cruel knife in the end. You young porkers who are sitting in front of me, every one of you will scream your lives out at the block within a year. To that horror we all must come‐cows, pigs, hens, sheep, everyone. Even the horses and the dogs have no better fate. You, Boxer, the very day that those great muscles of yours lose their power, Jones will sell you to the knacker, who will cut your throat and boil you down for the foxhounds. As for the dogs, when they grow old and toothless Jones ties a brick round their necks and drowns them in the nearest pond. Imagery Old Major’s Speech

• An account of a conversation, an episode, or an event that happened before the beginning of a story. • Often interrupts the chronological flow of a story to give the reader information needed for the understanding of a present situation. Flashback

• “Many years ago when I was a little pig, my mother and the other sows used to sing an old song of which they knew only the tune and first three words. ” Flashback Old Major’s Speech

• Writer’s use of hints or clues to suggest events that will occur later in the story. • Hints and clues might be included in a character’s dialogue or behavior or they might be included in details of description. • Creates suspense and makes readers eager to find out what will happen. Foreshadowing

• After the revolution, the three cows were in pain because they had not been milked for 24 hours. • The pigs milked the cows and then there were 5 full buckets of milk. • When asked what would happen to the milk, Napoleon stood in front of the milk and said, “Never mind. The harvest is more important. I shall follow in a few minutes. ” • When they animals came back that evening, the milk was gone. Foreshadowing Disappearance of the Milk

� Occurs when the reader or the audiences knows something important that a character does not know. Dramatic Irony

Dramatic Irony in Animal Farm

Propaganda � Language in any type of media meant to persuade or convince � Common Examples: speeches, political posters, commercials, ads

• Those questions that do not require a reply. • Writers use them to suggest that their arguments make the answer obvious or self-evident. Rhetorical Question

• You cows that I see before me, how many thousands of gallons of milk have you given during this last year? And what has happened to that milk which should have been breeding up sturdy calves? Every drop of it has gone down the throats of our enemies. And you hens, how many eggs have you laid in this last year, and how many of those eggs ever hatched into chickens? The rest have all gone to market to bring in money for Jones and his men. Rhetorical Question Old Major’s Speech

• Consists of words with strongly positive or negative connotations intended to influence a reader’s or listener's attitude. Loaded Language

• ‘Now, comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face it, our lives are miserable, laborious and short. We are born, we are given just so much food as will keep the breath in our bodies, and those of us who are capable of it are forced to work to the last atom of our strength; and the very instant that our usefulness has come to an end we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty. No animal in England knows the meaning of happiness or leisure after he is a year old. No animal in England is free. The life of an animal is misery and slavery: that is the plain truth. Loaded Language Old Major’s Speech

• An allusion is an indirect reference to a famous person, place, event or literary event. Allusion

• Old Major, Snowball, and Napoleon are an allusion to the Russian leaders Trotsky, Lenin, and Stalin. • The Battle of the Cowshed is an allusion to the Russian Revolution. Allusion