Animal Farm CHAPTER ONE AND TWO ANALYSIS 1

Animal Farm CHAPTER ONE AND TWO ANALYSIS

1. List all the animals who attend Old Major’s meeting – and their physical description. Ø Old Major Ø 3 dogs – Bluebell, Jessie, Pincher Ø The pigs Ø Hens Ø The pigeons Ø The sheep Ø The cows Ø Cart-horses Boxer & Clover Ø Muriel the white goat Ø Benjamin the donkey Ø Ducklings (motherless) Ø Molly pretty white mare Ø The cat Ø Moses the raven (no show)

Old Major’s Speech

3. The main points of Old Major’s speech. Take a paragraph at a time and write down the main point of that paragraph. (a) Animals' lives are 'miserable, laborious and short'; they live at subsistence level while working to capacity; the moment they cease to be useful they are cruelly killed; misery and slavery is the fate of all animals in England. (b) The land can support them but the produce of their labour is stolen by Man; remove Man and the problem is solved. (c) Man is the only creature that consumes without producing, taking everything from the animals except what is necessary to keep the animals alive and working. (d) Animals are not even allowed to live out their natural span but are slaughtered when their usefulness is at and end. (e) Therefore, animals must work night and day to overthrow Man. In a single word: Rebellion!

What is Communism?

Definitions of comrade “friend”, “mate”, “colleague”, or “ally”, and derives from the Iberian Romance language term camarada, literally meaning “chamber mate”, from Latincamera “chamber” or “room”. A political use of the term was inspired by the French Revolution: grew into a form of address between socialists and workers. Ever since the Russian revolution, popular media in the Western World have often associated it with Communism. . The word comrade does not originate from the Russian language, as many people believe and clearly does not have to be confined to communism. The word ‘comrade’ relates to us as firefighters and Australian workers in many ways, but also within the Trade Union movement.

Commandments for Animal Farm They are based on Major's speech. They are meant to be 'an unalterable law by which all the animals on Animal Farm must live for ever after. ' 1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. 2. Whatever goes upon four legs or has wings is a friend 3. No animals shall wear clothes 4. No animals shall sleep in a bed 5. No animals shall drink alcohol 6. No animal shall kill any other animal 7. All animals are equal TASK: In pairs, imagine the high school students right across Australia have had an online forum protesting conditions for students at secondary schools. 1. Write 5 points that you think would be the main complaints. 2. Imagine all students rebel and take control of secondary schools, forcing teachers out of schools. Write a 7 point list of commandments that all students would have to abide by across Australia. 3. Post your answers to our class blog page.

Analysis of Old Major’s Speech RHETORIC TECHNIQUES

2. The linguistic techniques that Old Major uses in his speech – and an example of each. Look at the list – what kind of leader do you think he would have made if he had lived. Emotive vocabulary (language designed to induce an emotional response in The speeches of the listener) Rhetorical questions (questions that don’t expect an answer) Repetition Anaphora Inclusive pronouns Hypophora (answering a rhetorical question) Allusion (reference to another text) Tripling (3 points to support an argument) Vladimir Lenin

Anaphora Beginning sentences with the same word or words

Old Major’s Speech Can you find some rhetorical techniques in the speech? Work with a partner and try to find at least one example for each of the techniques we’ve discussed: q Emotive vocabulary (language designed to induce an emotional response in the listener) q Rhetorical questions (questions that don’t expect an answer) q q q Repetition Anaphora Inclusive pronouns Hypophora (answering a rhetorical question) Allusion (reference to another text) Tripling (3 points to support an argument)

"Comrades, you have heard already about the strange dream that I had last night. But I will come to the dream later. I have something else to say first. I do not think, comrades, that I shall be with you for many months longer, and before I die, I feel it my duty to pass on to you such wisdom as I have acquired. I have had a long life, I have had much time for thought as I lay alone in my stall, and I think I may say that I understand the nature of life on this earth as well as any animal now living. It is about this that I wish to speak to you.

"Now, comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face it: our lives are miserable, laborious, and short. We are born, we are given just so much food as will keep the breath in our bodies, and those of us who are capable of it are forced to work to the last atom of our strength; and the very instant that our usefulness has come to an end we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty. No animal in England knows the meaning of happiness or leisure after he is a year old. No animal in England is free. The life of an animal is misery and slavery: that is the plain truth.

"But is this simply part of the order of nature? Is it because this land of ours is so poor that it cannot afford a decent life to those who dwell upon it? No, comrades, a thousand times no! The soil of England is fertile, its climate is good, it is capable of affording food in abundance to an enormously greater number of animals than now inhabit it. This single farm of ours would support a dozen horses, twenty cows, hundreds of sheep--and all of them living in a comfort and a dignity that are now almost beyond our imagining. Why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings. There, comrades, is the answer to all our problems. It is summed up in a single word--Man. Man is the only real enemy we have. Remove Man from the scene, and the root cause of hunger and overwork is abolished for ever.

The Art of Rhetoric Aristotle (384 -322 BCE) was a Greek philosopher who studied under Plato. Aristotle studied and wrote prolifically on subjects from politics to metaphysics. Aristotle's discussion of rhetoric contributed lasting ideas about the methods of persuasion. Rhetoric is the art of using language effectively and persuasively. Persuasion is an appeal to an audience. Ethos, logos, and pathos were identified by Aristotle as appeals necessary to effectively persuade an audience. Ethos is the establishment of the credibility of the author or speaker. An author develops ethos by using objective and fair language, by considering counterarguments, and by presenting appropriate and credible sources. Logos is an appeal to logic. An author develops logos by offering credible facts and statistics related to the topic at hand, by using allusion, by using deductive and inductive reasoning, and by citing credible sources outside the work itself. Pathos is an appeal to the emotion of the audience. An author develops pathos by including figurative language such as metaphor, simile, and vivid imagery, by including emotional anecdotes, and by offering vivid, connotative language employed to evoke sympathy and emotional interest in the topic.

After watching ‘The speeches of Vladimir Lenin’ and ‘The Art of Rhetoric’ video, complete the following table. Find 10 quotes from Old Major’s Speech and identify the technique used and its effect. The first quote has been completed for you. Use this as a model for your responses. QUOTE TECHNIQUE EFFECT ‘our lives are miserable, laborious, and short. ’ Tripling The use of the three adjectives listed emphasises the negativity of the lives the animals live. All adjectives have negative connotations and are used in a list to convince the animals that their lives are truly terrible.

Propaganda

Chapter 2 Team Quiz Challenge In groups of 3 -4, read pages 16 -18 and come up with at least 4 questions (max. 6) to quiz the class on these 4 pages. The team which scores the most correct answers gets a prize!

Chapter 2 questions The taking of Animal Farm is meant to represent the February 1917 Revolution in Russia. 5. Do your own research into this revolution and write a summary in only 100 words of what happened. Ø In groups, pool your answers from your homework and create a Power Point incorporating all of your ideas. Ø Volunteer a member of the class to come up to the front of the class and explain their research.

ANIMAL FARM HOMEWORK - CHAPTER 2 Read Chapter 2 of Animal Farm and complete the following tasks: 1. Break chapter 2 down into ten key events and then list them in the order that they happen. 2. If you had to put the animals into a hierarchy (order of importance) what would it be? 3. What do the seven commandments and the destroying of the whips and bits indicate about how the animals would like their farm to be?

Animal Farm Heirarchy

Napoleon Online Game! MAKE DECISIONS AS NAPOLEON WOULD http: //textadventures. co. uk/games/view/qwaai_hbg 0 uead 6 gwqd-mw/animal-farm Go to the link above and press the green ‘Play Online’ button. Read through the information and follow the instructions.

Chapter 2 Summary Old Major dies. During the next 3 months there was much secret activity. Major’s speech given more intelligent animals a new outlook. They began to prepare for the Rebellion, seeing it as their duty, although didn’t think it would happen soon. Pigs – taught, organized the other animals… because they were considered the cleverest of the animals. Snowball Napolean All the other pigs were porkers, except Squealer Held secret meetings in the barn after Mr Jones went to sleep.

Animalism Mollie – wonders if sugar will be available after the Rebellion? Ribbons are the ‘badge of slavery’… ‘liberty is worth more than ribbons’ Moses ‘claimed to know of the existence of a mysterious country called Sugarcandy Mountain, to which all animals went when they died. ’ Pigs had to persuade animals not to believe these lies. Boxer and Clover believed everything the pigs told them once they accepted the pigs as their teachers.

Mr Jones began to drink after a loss to a lawsuit. The farm fell into disrepair. The fields were overgrown The animals went underfed. The animals broke into the store-shed to help themselves Jones and his men started whipping them The animals turned on them (unplanned)… ‘the suddent uprising of creatures whom they were used to thrashing and maltreating just as they chose, frightened them almost out of their wits. ’

The animals remove all traces of Mr Jones’ rule. Snowball threw Mollie’s ribbons into the fire ‘Ribbons, ’ he said ‘should be considered as clothes, which are the mark of a human being. All animals should go naked. ’ Helped themselves to food in the shed and then sang ‘Beasts of England’ (7 times!) They were initially frightened to go inside the farmhouse. Snowball and Napoleon butted ‘the door open with thei shoulders and the animals entered in single file. ‘A unanimous resolution was passed on the spot that the farmhouse should be preserved as a museum. All were agree that no animal must ever live there. ’ (p. 22)

The pigs reveal they’ve learnt how to read and write. Snow ball made a sign for the front of the farm: ANIMAL FARM. He crossed out MANOR FARM Napoleon called for black and white paint Snowball wrote the 7 commandments. The pigs milk the cows The animals begin to harvest the hay in the fields led by Napoleon… When they return, some of the milk is missing.