Animal Farm By George Orwell Predictions Look at

Animal Farm By George Orwell

Predictions �Look at the cover and discuss the following: �What do you think the story will be about? �What kind of character do you think the pig might be? �Does anything strike you as odd about the pig?

Opening chapter �This is significant as is introduces the characters, setting and establishes the relationship between the humans and the animals. �We learn that the animals are exploited by Mr Jones and he is a negligent farmer. �Old Major is the philosopher and he sets out the problems and the solution (revolution). �The animals learn their revolutionary anthem: ‘Beasts of England’

Chapter 1 �Look at the character descriptions for the animals in this chapter. What details do we learn about: � The 3 dogs � Boxer, Clover, Mollie, Muriel, Benjamin �The cat �The pigs �Look closely at these descriptions. Explain why these details are significant—what might it reveal about their character?

Characters Anthropomorphism is when animals are described as behaving like humans. They talk and think, for example. Make note of the following anthropomorphic descriptions of the following animals: The dogs: �first in to the meeting, �When Old Major declares ‘All animals are comrades’ the rats creep out of their holes. The dogs attack them �they are the only ‘dissentients’ to the vote about rats being comrades (meaning they disagree with the vote and feel they are not) �Considered one of the ‘clever’ animals

Characters The pigs �Second into the meeting �‘settled down in the straw immediately in front of the platform. ’ They take the best seats in the house which sets up the impression of their self-importance and greed. �Considered one of the ‘clever’ groups of animals

Characters Boxer (cart-horse…a working farm animal) �Both he and Clover walk ‘very slowly’ and set ‘down their vast, hairy hooves with great care lest there should be some small animal in the straw’ Sets him up to be caring, concerned with protecting the weak and looking after everyone’s best interests �Has a ‘somewhat stupid appearance, and in fact he was not of first-rate intelligence, but he was universally respected for his steadfastness of character and tremendous powers of work’

Characters Clover (cart-horse) �‘a stout, motherly mare approaching middle life’ �When the ducklings wander in: ‘Clover made a sort of wall round them with her great foreleg’ She’s protective and looks after the weak. Compassionate Mollie �‘pretty, foolish mare who drew Mr. Jones’ trap’ She caters to the owner, is not an animal who works like the rest. �‘mincing daintily in, chewing at a lump of sugar’ �She has red ribbons plaited into her mane—again, a link to humans rather than the working animals

Characters Benjamin �Donkey (animals associated with stubbornness), oldest animal on farm. �‘worst-tempered’ ‘He seldom talked, and when he did it was usually to make a cynical remark’ �‘devoted to Boxer

Character The cat �Last in the room �Doesn’t listen �‘voted on both sides’ about the rats—not to be trusted

Chapter 1 �Re-read this chapter again. There are subtle clues that all animals are not equal, despite what Old Major suggests. �Find examples of this and please be sure to quote! �Pigs take front row �Dogs refuse to see the rats as comrades �Mollie’s description and behaviour suggests she thinks she’s better than the rest

Keeping track �The chapter seems to end on a very upbeat note. Why and how can the animals be said to be optimistic and happy? �Are there any signs that the future may not be so rosy? Give a quotation �Foreshadowing: a warning or indication of a future event �Group task- draw a line down the middle of a large sheet of paper. On the left, make a list of the lofty principles formulated by Old Major. As you read the book make a note on the right when these principles are ignored or broken

Principles of Animalism (look at p 17 and 18)

Starter: vocabulary builder �Idealism is a key concept in the novel �Find the definition of idealistic �Write down as many synonyms and antonyms as you can �Synonym: a word that has a similar meaning �Antonym: a word that has the opposite meaning

� Idealism (noun)the unrealistic belief in or pursuit of perfection. � "the idealism of youth" � synonyms: utopianism, wishful thinking, romanticism, fantasizing, quixotism, daydreaming, impracticability � "the Liberal Party had about it the idealism of youth“ � antonyms: realism, cynicism, defeatism

Chapter 1 Reflection �Explain in what way(s) Old Major’s speech is idealistic �‘perfect unity’ ‘perfect comradeship’ �Without human beings they won’t have to work as hard, that everything will be perfect and this will happen overnight �Harvest will be better �Project this further: do you believe idealism is a good thing in politics or should we be realists instead? Why do you think this?

�Idealism is a complex notion. In itself it should be a force for good as we should not just accept the world as it is with all its faults. However, it can become a warped belief system where people try to force their world view on the rest of the population. �“The best lack all conviction, while the worst Are full of passionate intensity”. � W. B. Yeats: The Second Coming

So, it’s just a fairy story. . . �Wrong! �Allegory: a story that can be interpreted as having a hidden meaning often a political or moral one �In what ways do you think that Animal Farm is an allegory

Homework task �You will choose one of the tasks and research information on this topic �You will then produce a presentation to teach the class what you have learned �This should be: informative, interesting and creative �You should also evaluate the information (give an opinion) �Make a note of sources and do not go straight to wikipedia �Be as imaginative as possible: film, play, song, working model, court room drama. . .

Research 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. George Orwell’s life. Investigate his experience in the Spanish Civil War and identify how this led to his writing ‘Animal Farm’ What led up to the Russian revolution? Who was the Tsar? Was the revolution a just response? Lenin, the Bolsheviks and their role at the start of the revolution Stalin and Trotsky: who were they and what was their relationship? What were the main ideological differences between them? What happened to them in the end? Who was Alexander Stakhanov? What did Stalin’s secret police do? Who was Molotov and what was his role? When were Churchill and Stalin allies? What happened to wreck this? What was the Cold War? Who was Karl Marx and how is Old Major’s speech similar to the Communist Manifesto?

Orwell’s life �Born Eric Arthur Blair in 1903 in India. Highly educated (went to Eton) and worked for Indian Imperil Police during the British occupation of India. Developed a strong sense of social justice through this experience (see ‘The Hanging’). �Resigned and moved to Paris and London where he lived as a homeless vagabond and further developed his socialist principles. Wrote ‘Down and Out in Paris and London’ based upon these experiences. � Both ‘Animal Farm’ and ‘ 1984’ are savage indictments of totalitarianism and how dictatorship crushes the humanity of the individual in society �Lived on the Island of Jura (where he wrote ‘ 1984’) but died from tuberculosis in 1950

Spanish Civil War �Like many young socialists and leftists, Orwell went to fight for the young Spanish republic against Franc’s fascists. �He ended up joining the P. O. U. M (broadly Trotskyist in outlook)rather than the Communist International Brigades (supported by Soviet USSR) �Orwell therefore witnessed the brutal repression of the POUM and other non-Soviet factions of the republican forces �He was wounded in Spain and was smuggled out of the country before he could be arrested by the Stalinist forces who betrayed the republic for there own political expediency �This was crucial in turning Orwell against conventional Communist ideas of the time �Orwell stated he had “come to Spain to join the militia to fight against Fascism. "

Trotsky �Built up the Red Army which defeated the Anti. Communists in the Russian Civil War �After Lenin’s death he was a possible leader but was opposed by Stalin (who was a dictator) �Assassinated by Stalin �Trotskyism a democratic form of communism

Stalin �Dictator �Removed any threats to his rule—imprisonment, murder, exile, re-teaching programme �Ordered Trotsky’s assassination, along with all Trotsky’s family members �Focused on communism in Russia rather than promoting it outside the country…led to a brutal regime

Tsar �Tsar Nicholas II was removed from power in 1917 by the Bolsheviks �Reasons for revolt: poverty, food shortages, and defeats in previous conflicts/wars. The people were unhappy and wanted a more democratic system of rule

Molotov �Stalin’s key supporter/mouthpiece �Stalin’s Prime Minister (but really Stalin is in charge) �Member of the revolutionary committee that pushed Stalin to power

Stakhanov/Stalin’s secret police �Stakhanov was a miner but became a national celeb. Was put forth as a model worker for the people—to inspire them to work hard for the state. Boxer �Secret Police were used to stamp out any people who might rebel or have rebelled against the system. Brutal instruments of Stalin’s regime

Churchill, stalin and the cold war �Allies in WW 2, but when Stalin started to push into Eastern Europe, the friendship broke down. Which led to… �The Cold War (1945 -1991). No battles were fought but it was a period where Britain/US and USSR built up their weapons and armies to act as a deterrent to the other side. Years of intimidation

Karl Marx �German philosopher who wrote the Communist Manifesto which supported the idea that everyone should be treated equally…should be considered as equal �Railed against the class system which divided people and led to unfair treatment �Animalism: ‘all animals are equal’

Chapter 2 1. What are the main plot developments? 2. How does Orwell develop the characterisation of the animals? 3. Look at the description of the farm after the rebellion. How does Orwell describe it ? In what way is it symbolic? 4. How does Orwell use foreshadowing at the end of the chapter(quote) and what is he hinting at?

1. 2. Old Major dies and the three pigs develop his ideas into a “complete system of thought” (a doctrine called Animalism). They use education classes to destroy what Marx called false consciousness (where the exploited believed in the capitalist system). There is a spontaneous act of revolution and they take over the farm and the humans are driven out. The animals destroy all the symbols of humanity and change the name from “Manor Farm” to “Animal Farm”. They are joyful at their success and work together to gather the harvest. Mollie is superficial, she asks “will there be sugar after the Rebellion? ”; Moses spins lies and talks of “Sugarcandy Mountain”; the pigs’ personalities become clearer: Snowball is clever and idealistic “quicker in speech and more inventive” than Napoleon who has a “reputation for getting his own way” (23). Squealer is a “brilliant talker” who “could turn black into white. ”

3. After the Rebellion: it is idyllic—lots of words that have positive connotations: “they gambolled round and round, they hurled themselves into the air in great leaps of excitement. ” Use of list to show splendid the farm is “surveyed with speechless admiration the ploughland, the hayfield, the orchard, the pool, the spinney. (27)”It sounds like a paradise now the humans have been banished and the animals see the farm in a new way. 4. “It was noticed the milk had disappeared” (30) Hints that everything is not as great as it initially seems after the Rebellion. Where do you think the milk has gone?

When they awoke at dawn and looked at the farm, ‘It was as though they had never seen these things before, and even now they could hardly believe it was all their own. ’

Chapter 2 homework Propaganda is information that is not impartial and used primarily to influence an audience and further an agenda, often by presenting facts selectively (thus possibly lying by omission) to encourage a particular viewpoint, using loaded messages to produce an emotional rather than rational response to the information presented. Find at least one piece of propaganda and explain why it is so. Paste in jotters

Propaganda In what way are these Russian posters examples of propaganda? Reflect on: �Impartiality �What information they are trying to convey �What they are influencing the audience to think �What emotions they play on

Chapter 3 1. The beginning of this chapter portrays the rebellion as a great success. What clues does Orwell give you to show this? 2. What character acts as a foil to Mollie’s behaviour? 3. Have these animals achieved equality? Give evidence to prove your response

Harvest is a success, animals happy to work hard because they know the benefits are for themselves—they will be rewarded (well fed, have leisure time). Less quarrelling between the animals 2. Boxer: he’s set up as the hardest worker, self-sacrificing 3. Not really although it is better than before. Pigs do not work, they direct and supervise others. ‘It was always the pigs who put forward the resolutions’ The windfalls and milk only go to the pigs. Boxer: ‘There were days when the entire work of the farm seemed to rest upon his shoulders’. Not all the animals are equally educated/intelligent 1.

Education, education… �What degrees of success do the animals have in learning to read? �Look at each animal/grouping of animals. What does this tell us about their characters? �What lessons will this have in general about the importance of education in society?

�Important! Education will be key to the animals achieving real equality. If some animals are less educated then they can be manipulated more easily by the clever ones. �“Four legs good, two legs bad”: a key quote where the seven commandments have been reduced to a simple maxim that even the stupidest animals can remember

Chapter 4: Battle of the Cowshed 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Who organises the battle? What are the battle strategies? Look forward to later events in the text. How might Snowball’s actions be manipulated by another animal at a later date? How is Snowball both a capable leader and ruthless? Which character do we sympathise most with in this chapter? Why does the writer build up this empathy for the character? What is Napoleon’s role in the battle?

�Ambush/distraction involving pigeons; initial charge; retreat (planned); retreat leads the rest of the animals to come out and ambush the enemies �His organised retreat becomes a betrayal of the animals rather than a strategy for defeating the humans. �‘The only good human being is a dead one’ �Boxer—he shows that the animals can be caring/thoughtful— gives a human quality that the reader cares about. �minor

Chapter 5: Snowball is deposed 1. Why does Mollie disappear? 2. How would you describe Napoleon and Snowball’s relationship in the 1 st half of the chapter? Give a quote to show this. 3. How do we know Napoleon has been planning this for a while? 4. How do the animals react to Snowball being deposed? Give a quote. 5. What changes on the farm after Napoleon becomes the leader and what is the atmosphere amongst the other animals?

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. She defects (goes over to) the humans. They are engaged in a power struggle. Napoleon really does not like Snowball: “These two disagreed at every point where disagreement was possible. ” (50); “he lifted his leg, urinated over the plans”(52) He had been training the puppies as attack dogs “reared privately” (54) The animals are shocked and scared: “Silently and terrified, the animals crept back into the barn” (54) Everything changes! Napoleon becomes a dictator and all decisions are made by him (explained by Squealer) and enforced by threat of violence. He has abolished democracy: “meetings would come to an end…wasted time” and “no more debates” (55)The animals are confused but accept it through Squealer’s propaganda: “Do not imagine, comrade, that leadership is a pleasure” (heavy dramatic irony). Boxer: “Napoleon is always right”(56) “they accepted his explanation without further questions” (58)

Keeping track �The power struggle between Napoleon and Snowball has been developing for some time. What are the main points of conflict between the two pigs? �Why was Snowball defeated by Napoleon? Track the reasons and be sure to look back over the previous chapters �Answers here will be important to your first critical response on the text

�Snowball was defeated by Napoleon because Napoleon had created a system of oppression and driving through his own ideas with force (the dogs). �Snowball had been too idealistic? �He is forced into exile. �Main points of conflict: �The windmill; belief in democracy; Snowball’s desire to spread the revolution and Napoleon's desire to consolidate power for himself on the farm.

Corrupting nature of power �How do we see that there is an imbalance of power on the farm? �Is there equality? �Give specific examples to back this up.

�Boxer does more work than any other animal �The pigs do no manual labour �Pigs make all the resolutions �Other animals cannot read �Mr Jones uses violence (the gun) to enforce power �Napoleon uses threat of violence to enforce his power

Power Struggle

Critical Reading: typical question Choose a novel or short story that explores theme of power. By referring to appropriate techniques, show the author has explored this theme. Do you remember how to structure a Critical Essay/ What should go in the introduction?

Chapter 6 “Never listen when they tell you that Man and the animals have a common interest, that the prosperity of one is the prosperity of others” What doors to the human world have been opened in this chapter and give the explanation for each one. �Trade with the human farms: because they aren’t 100% selfsufficient �Mr Whymper: solicitor hired to transact business. He will deal with money transactions…Napoleon will deal with him so the other animals won’t have to come into contact with the human �Pigs move into the farmhouse and sleep in the beds: they aren’t sleeping under sheets, so they aren’t breaking rules and as they are the brains behind the farm, they need a quiet place to rest

Changes: �Pigs create a more and more privileged position for themselves: �“get up an hour later in the mornings” �Sleep in “very comfortable beds” �Windmill is blown down in a storm. Used as propaganda to further discredit Snowball: �“Do you know the enemy who has come in the night and overthrown our windmill? SNOWBALL!” �“I pronounce the death sentence upon Snowball”

Chapter 6 �Track all the methods Squealer uses here to persuade. �Think about persuasive techniques here �Rhetorical questions: “Are you certain that this is not something you have dreamed? ” they instil doubt �Undermining opposing views: see rhetorical questions �Squealer’s body language: very animated and gives the impression of energy/passion �Repetition: “Surely none of you wishes to see Jones back? ” �Manipulating written records: “No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets”

Chapter 7 The dictatorship is cemented in this chapter! It begins with the confusion over the battle of the Cowshed. Make a note of main developments in this chapter We see a small rebellion from Boxer. What challenge does he make and how does this fit in with his character? What are Squealer’s methods of confusion?

There is a significant food shortage: “starvation seemed to stare them in the face” (71) use of personification and alliteration illustrates how dire their situation has become and contrasts with the idealistic optimism at the start of the novel There is a rebellion by the hens which is dealt with “swiftly and ruthlessly” by Napoleon. Snowball is blamed for any setback. (74) Squealer rewrites history and claims Snowball was against them at the battle There is a purge of perceived opposition to Napoleon. He sets the dogs on dissenting pigs and Boxer (77) Boxer still believes in Snowball’s bravery and brings this up to Squealer. Shows he’s honest willing to challenge things he feels are wrong

� The mass slaughter of “traitors” is particularly brutal and disturbing. It is described in graphic detail with strong word choice: “the dogs promptly tore their throats out” Powerful word choice with violent connotations and alliteration. Napoleon is described as having a “terrible voice”: he is a violent dictator who has betrayed the principles of Animalism. � ‘Beasts of England’ is banned to emphasise the absolute betrayal of the original revolutionary ideals. � Squealer's methods of confusion: Brings up the threat of Snowball (all animals fear this) � Says the evidence is written in documents (knows animals can’t read). Shows how important education is. � Retells the battle, this time with a detailed story about how Napoleon was a hero � Examples of oppression, terror and propaganda

Important terms �Dramatic irony: where the reader is aware of information that the characters are unaware of

Chapter 8 No animal shall kill any other animal Think back to chapter 7. How is it possible that the animals allow such brutal treatment? What does Squealer do to the Commandments? How is this an example of dramatic irony? What is the animals’ perception of this? How does this trust influence the understanding of the battle of the windmill? Why is there a celebration afterwards?

�Fear, it could happen to them; feel it’s fair because there has been a trial of sorts and confessions; they don’t have confidence in their understanding of the commandments; trust that their leaders are being fair and honest �The reader knows that when Muriel reads the commandment, that it has been altered by Squealer

Blind Trust: What is the animals’ perception of this? They have no way of being sure that Squealer is changing the commandments as they can’t read/remember the originals How does this trust influence the understanding of the battle of the windmill? The animals are fed the line that they’ve won because the humans are once again driven off the land (even though the human intention was to destroy the windmill which they successfully did). Because the animals trust their leaders, they are willing to believe they are victorious. Leaders make out that the purpose was to drive away humans rather than save windmill

�Why is there a celebration afterwards? Keeps up morale it makes it seems as if Napoleon and his regime are powerful and victorious—hard to rebel against something that seems to being going well �Keeping track: look back at the principles of animalism and make a note on when and how they have been broken or altered as the novel progresses

Dictatorship �A totalitarian state that is ruled by an absolute leader with absolute power. �Can you think of any specific examples of dictatorships? �https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Up. Jga 0 Ue. LIw

Dictatorships How has Napoleon managed to keep his power? Think of at least 4 things his regime has done to keep him in control. Find a specific example from the first 8 Chapters which SHOWS each method.

Terror: dogs/violent purging of any dissenters Propaganda: Squealer/cult of personality (creation of Napoleon as the infallible leader)/humans + Snowball are out to destroy the farm (easy to be unified if you fear a common enemy) Control of information: animals can’t read, no written info that can be studied (they burn everything), lots of reference to official documents, but reminders that the animals won’t understand it Removal of democracy: no more Sunday meetings, only pigs put forth/vote on the resolutions

Chapter 9 Find quotes to show the inequality of life on the farm. With this in mind, why are there parades and songs? What is the significance of Moses and his tales of the afterlife? What member of society does he represent and what do you think Orwell is trying to say about him and his role with the animals? How does this contrast with the view of Moses at the start of the novel? What happens to Boxer and how does Benjamin react to this? How does this make you feel?

“all rations reduced except for the pigs and the dogs” Pigs are given a ration of beer (made from the barley from the field which the older animals were meant to retire to). The piglets are educated, they don’t mix with the others and all animals stand aside for pigs They reinforce Napoleon’s power, the are distraction from the real problems of the farm

Represents organised religion: his tales of the afterlife are meant to give the animals hope…gives the regime an excuse for working the animals so hard—if they accept that the afterlife is their reward, they will permit suffering in life He was vilified and rejected by the young revolutionary regime at the start but now they see that the church is useful to control the animals Boxer is sold for slaughter: this represents the ultimate betrayal of the revolution as Boxer embodied the spirit of cooperation and working for the betterment of the entire society. Sad angry that he would be treated in this way.

Chapter 10 �How has the farm changed over time? What do these changes tell us about the state of the revolution? What has become of Old Major’s dream? �What does the new slogan really mean? All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others �Who profits from this farm? �What is the significance of Napoleon returning to the original title, Manor Farm?

� Most of the original animals have died � There are many more new animals � It is more prosperous and organised � They built the windmill � Pigs and humans are in a cosy relationship � Ideas of equality, equity and justice have been forgotten: “three day week. . . no longer talked about” Napoleon claims, “happiness, he said, lay in working hard and living frugally” The rebellion has been betrayed. � Still a dream, because the animals still have a vague sense of hope � A slogan that sounds like it’s good, but actually promises nothing/means nothing: doublespeak � Pigs (and perhaps dogs) � Nothing has changed!

�Doublespeak: language that deliberately obscures, disguises, distorts, or reverses the meaning of words. It is primarily meant to make the truth sound more palatable. �A neologism created by collapsing �newspeak and doublethink (from ‘ 1984’)

Chapter 10 �What is Napoleon’s whip a symbol of? What does it suggest about the future? �How do the sheep prove that a mob can prop up a tyrant? �What is the significance of the last paragraph? How does it make you feel? �It can be argued that the pigs are worse than man…explain.

�Symbol of oppression and suggests the future won’t get better �They interrupt people with meaningless slogans—so no change can occur, they unquestionably allow themselves to be manipulated, to support their cruel leader. There are so many of them, peer pressure

�The difference between man and pigs (capitalist bosses and party bosses) is indistinguishable. �A feeling of melancholy and frustration that sacrifice and struggle of the ordinary animals would come to this �Betrayed their own kind/they are not only working for profit but power/ they lie/they betrayed a noble ideal to grasp and hold power. �The closing paragraph is particularly poignant: “The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which”

Writing task: what if…? �Do you think that the rebellion was always doomed to end in failure? Think about: �Was there ever a possibility of the animals succeeding in creating an equitable world? �What could they have done differently to make it work? �Are there any points in the narrative when it could have worked (think about Snowball and power of education)? �Back up your opinions with specific evidence from the text (quote and explain) �Why is ‘Animal Farm’ as relevant now as it was when it was first written? Try to refer to specific examples of tyranny and the abuse of power in the modern world

What will the exam ask me? Key types of questions often asked about PROSE…

Themes �The theme is the main idea (message) behind a text �A good critical essay will always refer to a key theme and how the writer explores theme �What do you think some of the key themes are in ‘Animal Farm’?

Key Themes

Learning Intention �To develop expertise in critical essay writing

Beat The Teacher Choose a novel in which the reader understands an important message about life/the way the world works. By referring to appropriate techniques, show this message is portrayed by the writer’s description of character and/or setting and/or events

Beat the Teacher: standard Introduction ‘Animal Farm’ by George Orwell is an allegorical tale about farm animals who strive for a life of equality and freedom from the tyranny of humans. The story is meant to represent the story of the Russian Revolution: its ideals followed by the country’s progressive descent into abuse of power and inequality. Through this book the reader learns that power and ambition lead to corruption.

Beat the Teacher: Creative Introduction It is very easy to have ideals, the difficulty is preserving them from the influences of corruption and greed. ‘Animal Farm’ by George Orwell exposes the dark side of power and how it can lead to oppression. Through his allegorical tale, the animals of Manor Farm overthrow their owner and briefly live in an equal society where everyone works for the common good of all. Sadly, this ideal life is not to last as, just like the Russian Revolution, characters become selfish and only interested in preserving their own power and lifestyle. Fidel Castro once stated that “A revolution is a struggle to the death between the future and the past, ” which can be seen as ironic because, for all the progress Cuba made under communism, it was still a dictatorship where power was concentrated in the hands of a few party leaders. Ironically, they stifled free speech just like the Batista dictatorship they overthrew in 1959 thus recreating the past rather than a truly progressive future. Perhaps all revolutions are doomed to fail and rather than working towards the common benefit of all a select few grab all the power for themselves and, as in ‘Animal Farm’ , dominate the common animals—parallels of which we can see today.

Beat the Teacher Spot the mistakes This book explores how power can be corrupt. It is a story about farm animals who rise up against their owners. They work hard throughout the book but the pigs, especially Napoleon, become dictators and make the lives of everyone else really difficult. This is unfair and leads to alot of hardship. I feel that what the animals went through was really brutal and I’m glad that the revolution was exposed as a failure.

Beat the teacher model Paragraph 2 �Topic sentence stating where you are in the book and a link to the task/link back to the last idea in the previous paragraph (statement) � At least two quotes which are fully explained and link to the task (quotations, understanding, analysis) �If your quotation is six words or more then you should introduce it with a colon and indent the quotation. If it is less than six words then just incorporate it into your main text �Concluding sentence which sums up your ideas and you feelings on what the part of the story (task)

Beat the teacher model Paragraph 2 Orwell begins his novel with a sense of hope but quickly things being to disintegrate. The expulsion of Jones at the Battle of the Cowshed leads to the start of equality but there is evidence early on their ideals will never be fulfilled. Because all animals aren’t educated many of them lack the confidence to speak up for themselves, allowing the pigs to take control. When ideas are put forward, they: “could never think of any resolutions of their own. ” This is significant as it allows those in power to make all the decisions. This entitlement is also shown in what Orwell considered to be the turning point of the novel when Napoleon steps in front of the milk and says: “Never mind the milk comrades, that will be attended to. ” The suggestion here is that the pigs keep it for themselves which is the start of the inequality. We begin to see that the better educated and selfish characters look after themselves and rise to power. 166 words

Completing the task You have a complete intro! You have nearly completed a full paragraph 2 on the beginning of the book and should have: �A strong topic sentence that introduces where you are in the book and the ideas this paragraph covers (giving a nod back to the previous paragraph) �Analysis of the text (2 x quotes+exploration) �A final summarising sentence

Body Paragraphs and Conclusion Body Paragraph: �A strong topic sentence that introduces where you are in the book and the ideas this paragraph covers (giving a nod back to the previous paragraph) �Analysis of the text (2 x quotes + exploration) �A final summarising sentence Check: are you referring to description of character and/or setting and/or events Conclusion: �Summarise the main points you made throughout the body paragraphs �Link back to the task: how does the description of character and/or setting and/or events lead you to an understanding about life? �Your thoughts: do you see parallels between this text and government today? What was your feeling about Orwell’s view of life/the world after reading this text?

Essay Practise Choose a novel in which you feel there is an incident of great importance. Briefly describe the incident and go on to highlight its importance in the story as a whole.

Essay Round Robin Choose a novel or a short story which has a character who affects you emotionally. Describe how you feel about the character, and show the writer leads you to feel this way.

Essay Round Robin