Animal Concentration Areas Animal Concentration Areas ACAs Heavy

Animal Concentration Areas

Animal Concentration Areas (ACAs) • Heavy use areas, sacrifice areas, barnyards, feedlots, loafing areas, exercise lots that will not maintain dense vegetation • Generate more environmental concern and are more heavily regulated than pastures – Why?

ACA Identification • Planned ACAs - Barnyards, feedlots, exercise lots, loafing areas - “Pastures” that do not meet the definition of a ‘true’ pasture - Animal confinement areas that will not maintain a growing crop. - Must be identified on map and follow regulations • Unplanned ACAs - Smaller non-vegetated animal congregation areas - Typically in pastures or part of the pasture system - Watering, feeding, and shade areas - Access lanes - Designated as an ACA on Plan and Map when there is direct flow of manure nutrients to surface water or groundwater (sinkholes)

Planned ACAs

Unplanned ACAs Which need to be addressed in the MMP?

ACA Management Requirements • Divert clean water flow from upslope fields, driveways, barn roofs, etc. away from the ACA • Direct or allow polluted runoff to flow from the ACA area into a storage facility or a correctly sized and well maintained vegetative filter strip • Limit animal access to surface waters to properly implemented livestock crossings - animals may not have free access to streams adjacent to or within ACAs • Keep ACAs as far away from water bodies as practical • Relocate movable structures creating animal congregation areas annually where appropriate and practical • Remove manure routinely from ACAs, where practical

Addressing ACA • Action to address ACA “problems” must be taken immediately • Some changes require professional design and construction - Those plans must be fully implemented within 3 years of the development date - Contact agency for assistance and document date contacted. • Immediately implement management changes that do not require professional design - Moving feeders and waterers, installing fence, removing accumulated manure, establishing vegetative buffers, etc.

Getting Outside Help • Depending on your situation, it might be best to get professional help from local agencies • • Assist you in developing Best Management Practices (BMPs): – Diversions – Roof Runoff Management – Subsurface Drainage – Structures for Water Control

Erosion & Sediment Control Plan • ACAs and other soil disturbances (tillage) exceeding 5, 000 sq ft, need an E & S Plan, according to Chapter 102 • However, the Manure Management Plan acts as an E &S Plan when the ACA worksheet is thoroughly completed

Manure Management Plan Exercise – Pg. 3, 9, 10 COMPLETE ACA INFORMATION WORKSHEET: PART 1 & 2

ACA Worksheets pages 9 and 10 For each ACA: • Identify ACA location • Identify BMPs: o Clean water is directed around ACA o Dirty water is directed to treatment area o Animals do not have access to surface water o Bare areas are minimized o Areas where animals congregate are away from surface water • If outside help is needed: – List date contacted – Agency contacted Fill out ACA Worksheet Part 2

Record Keeping

Recordkeeping • Manure Application Rates Record (pg. 22) – Using Appendix 1: Manure Application Rate Tables • Crop Yield Record (pg. 13) • Manure Transfer Record (pg. 14) • Manure Storage Facility Record (pg. 15)

Manure Application Rates Record (pg. 12) • Anyone spreading manure, must complete this worksheet Field Manure Crop App. Date Acres Notes Identification Group Rate 5/26 Front Left 1 15 Horse Solid Pasture 3 T

Crop Yield Record (pg. 13) • This worksheet needs to be completed if you have pastures, hay or other crop fields Field Identification Crop Group Date Harvested Yield Goal Actual Yield Harvested Back Field Pasture Grazed 2 T 1. 5 T Hay 1 Hay Late Spring/ 3 T (mix Mid grasses) Summer 2. 5 T Notes

Manure Transfer Record (pg. 14) • Record must be completed if exporting manure Date Name of Broker/ Importer 5/25 John Smith Address/ Phone # of Broker 333 Ivy St. Manure Group Amount of Crop Group and Manure Application Transferred Rate Horse 10 Ton Unknown Solid

Pennsylvania Nutrient Management Website www. panutrientmgmt. cas. psu. edu • Manure Management Manual Program – Farmer Information • Manure Management Manual • Manure Management Workbook • Balance Sheets with information tables • How to calibrate the manure spreader • Pa One Stop Mapping • Agronomy Guide

Applying Manure

Environmentally Sensitive Areas Worksheet (p. 4) • List associated fields • Identify environmentally sensitive areas • Mechanical manure application setbacks are required – Regardless of the slope of the land or the ground cover • Identified on Farm Map

Manure Application Setbacks: Lakes, Streams and Ponds 100 ft Setback if: • No BMPs • No Soil Test 50 ft Setback if: • Soil Test <200 ppm P • No-till practices used • Residue or cover crop 35 ft Setback if: • Permanent vegetated buffer

Sensitive Areas & Manure Application Setbacks • No mechanical manure application within 100 feet of an existing open sinkhole 100 ft

Sensitive Areas & Manure Application Setbacks • No mechanical manure application: – Within 100 feet of an active private or public drinking water source • Well or a spring 100 ft

Sensitive Areas & Manure Application Setbacks • No mechanical manure application within the channel of a nonvegetated concentrated water flow area – Swale, gully or a ditch

Manure Management Plan Exercise – Pg. 3, 4 COMPLETE ENVIROMENTALLY SENSITIVE WORKSHEET:

Manure Management Plan Summary (pg. 6) This summary must be completed if applying manure

Total Manure Production Animal Daily Manure Days on Total Manure AU X X ÷ 2, 000 = Type Production * Farm Produced Mature Draft Horse 5. 4 X 55 lb/ AU/ Day X 365 ÷ 2, 000 = X X ÷ 2, 000 = Total Manure Produced = 54 Tons

Total Uncollected Manure Animal Daily Manure Days on AU X X X Type Production* Pasture Mature Draft Horse 5. 4 X 55 lb/AU/ Day X 280 X Hours Uncollected on ÷ 24 ÷ 2, 000 = Manure Pasture 11 ÷ 24 ÷ 2000 = X X X ÷ 24 ÷ 2000 = Total Uncollected Manure = 19 Tons

Total Collected Manure TOTAL Manure Produced 54 Tons - UNCOLLECTED Manure = Collected Manure - 19 Tons = * 35 Tons - = Amount of manure needed to be stored and / or spread

Determining Manure Application Rates Nitrogen Based – Current soil test – Phosphorus levels must be below 200 ppm – Nitrogen rates are based on the crop’s N requirements • Higher amount than P rates Phosphorus Removal – No soil test – Phosphorus levels exceed 200 ppm – Phosphorus rates are based on the crop’s P requirements • Lower amount than N rates

• Step 1: Find the table in the back of the MMM (Appendix 1) for: – Rate basis N or P – Type of manure • Step 2: Find crop in manure type table

Calculating Rates for Crop Fields 15 Ton/A is the maximum amount of manure that can be applied mechanically

Crop Group and Yield (a) Manure Group (b) Application Season (c ) Grass Hay (5 T/A) Solid Fall Maximum Manure Rate Planned Application Rate from C, NBS, PI * (d) Incorporation Timing (e) Commercial Fertilizer Application Rate (f) Fields where this crop group can be used (g) 15 T/A No Incorporation N/A 123 A, 123 B

Crop Group and Yield (a) Manure Group (b) Application Season (c ) Planned Application Rate from C, NBS, PI * (d) Grass Hay (5 T/A) Solid Fall 15 T/A Pasture (3 T/A) Solid Grazing ? Incorporation Timing (e) Commercial Fertilizer Application Rate (f) Fields where this crop group can be used (g) No Incorporation N/A 123 A, 123 B

Calculating Rates for Pastures Days on Number of Tons X X ÷ Pasture Horses Ton/A from Acres = Grazing X 20 X 4 ÷ 3 = . 2 0. 014 X Over 16 Hours 0. 021 X 100 X 4 ÷ 3 = 1. 9 200 X 4 ÷ 3 = 5. 6 Less than 8 Hours 8 -16 Hours 0. 007 Total Manure Applied by Grazing Horses = Maximum Allowable Rate (from MMM Rates Table) = Allowable Mechanical Application Rate = 7. 7

Calculating Rates for Pastures 10 Ton/A is the maximum amount of manure that can be applied mechanically

Calculating Rates for Pastures Days on Number of Tons X X ÷ Pasture Horses Ton/A from Acres = Grazing X 20 X 4 ÷ 3 = . 2 0. 014 X Over 16 Hours 0. 021 X 100 X 4 ÷ 3 = 1. 9 200 X 4 ÷ 3 = 5. 6 Less than 8 Hours 8 -16 Hours 0. 007 Total Manure Applied by Grazing Horses = Maximum Allowable Rate (from MMM Rates Table) = 7. 7 Allowable Mechanical Application Rate = 2. 3 Ton/A is the maximum amount of manure that can be applied mechanically 10

Crop Group and Yield (a) Manure Group (b) Application Season (c ) Planned Application Rate from C, NBS, PI * (d) Incorporation Timing (e) Commercial Fertilizer Application Rate (f) Fields where this crop group can be used (g) Grass Hay (5 T/A) Solid Fall 15 T/A No Incorporation N/A 123 A, 123 B Pasture (3 T/A) Solid Grazing 2. 3 T/A No Incorporation N/A Oak Tree and Lane Pasture

Manure Management Plan Exercise – Pg. 6 FINISH COMPLETING PLAN SUMMARY

Winter Application

Operation Information Page (p. 3) • Winter Application (check yes or no) Winter definition: • December 15 through February 28; OR • Anytime the ground is frozen at least 4 inches; OR • Anytime that the ground is snow covered If yes, must complete Winter Application Worksheet (p. 5)

Winter Application Limits • Maximum of 20 tons of solid & 5000 gal of liquid manure per acre • At least 25% crop residue or established cover crop Cover Crop • No application to fields with slopes greater then 15% • 100 ft setback to Environmentally Sensitive Areas Crop Residue

Winter Application Worksheet (p. 5) Winter application is discouraged (HIGH RISK OF LOSS)

Generate Farm Maps 8. Winter Manure Application Information If you spread manure in winter: • Average field slopes will need to be identified (NRCS Soil Survey Map will meet requirements) • Manure application setbacks will need to be identified on the map

Manure Management Plan Exercise – Pg. 3 & 4 COMPLETE WINTER APPLICATION WORK SHEET

Penn State Equine http: //das. psu. edu/equine Donna Foulk dlf 5@psu. edu (610) 746 -1970 Sarah Crooke smr 5162@psu. edu (610) 764 -1970 Penn State Extension Nutrient Management Program http: //panutrientmgmt. cas. psu. edu Penn State Extension Crop Management Team http: //Extension. psu. edu/CMEG Douglas Beegle dbb@psu. edu (814) 863 -1016 Jerry Martin jmartin@psu. edu (717) 394 -6851