Angiosperms Phylum Anthophyta Largest group of plants Angiosperms

Angiosperms Phylum Anthophyta Largest group of plants

Angiosperms are flowering plants. • They have true roots, stems, leaves and flowers. . . • Angiosperms are more highly evolved that the algae, mosses, fungi and ferns. Their advanced structures allow angiosperms to thrive on land.

“Angiosperm” Angeion= vessel or carpal Sperma= seed • The carpal which contains the ovule that develop into seeds after fertilization • The carpal itself develops into the fruit wall.

Angiosperms are the biggest group in the plant kingdom. And very diverse!

Matt of Duckweed, smallest flowering plants

Angiosperm • They have roots that hold the plant in place and take in needed minerals and water. They have leaves that are the major food makes for the plant. They have stems that hold the plants up and move the nutrients and water about the plant.

• They also have seeds. The seeds are formed when an egg or ovule is fertilized by pollen in the ovary. The ovary is within a flower. The flower contains the male and/or female parts of the plant. Fruits are frequently produced from these ripened ovaries.

Stamens and a Style Flowering duckweed plant

Angiosperm benefits • Angiosperms the primary food source for animals- grains, beans, nuts, fruits, vegetables, herbs and spices almost all come from plants with flowers, as do tea, coffee, chocolate, wine, beer, tequila, and cola. • They provide lumber for buildings and other objects, fibers for clothes, are the basis for many drugs, etc • provides oxygen for us to breathe.

Compare to other seed plants • Like other seed plants, angiosperms are heterosporangiate-producing pollen and ovules in different organs. • Unlike most seed plants, however, the pollen and ovule-bearing organs are usually produced together in a bisporangiate strobilus called a flower.

The flower • In the center of a typical flower are the carpels, modified leaves which enclose the ovules. These are often fused to form a single pistil in the center of the flower. • Surrounding the carpels are several narrow stalks topped by pollen sacs; these pollenbearing stalks are called stamens. • Around these reproductive organs is the perianth, usually consisting of an outer whorl of sepals and an inner whorl of petals.

Flower parts

Collectively Sepals form the calyx Petals form the corolla Both form perianth

Contains microsporangia

• In monocots and "primitive" dicots, the sepals and petals may be indistinguishable, in this case the perianth parts are called tepals.

Angiosperm • Monophyletic • Include two large classes – Monocotyledones (monocots) • Grasses, lilies, irises, orchids, cattails, and palms – Eudicotyledones (eudicots) • Almost all familiar trees, and shrubs other than the conifers and many nonwoody plants (herbs).

Monocots Drupe

Flowers and fruit of the banana

Rice

Eudicots • Saguaro cactus – Thick fleshy stem store water – Contain chloroplast – Taken over photosynthetic function • Round lobed hepatica – – Flower on deciduous woodlands No petals 6 -10 sepals Numerous spirally arranged stamens and carpels • California poppy

Saquaro catus (Carnegiea gigantea)

Round lobed hepatica (Anemone americana)

Most are free living but some are Parasitic • Dodder (Cuscuta salina) – Member of the morning glory family • Rafflesia arnoldii – Parasitic on the roots of a member of the grape family

Dodder

Rafflesia arnoldii

Some Angiosperm are Saprophytic Indian pipe (Monotropa uniflora)

Inflorescences • In many angiosperms, the flowers are arranged in clusters called inflorescences. • The flowers may be attached along a tall stalk, arranged in broad open clusters, or pressed tightly together so that the cluster looks like a single flower.

Shooting Star

Butter and eggs

Lupine

bluebells

Water hemlock

Oak flowers

Position of ovary

Epigyny

Perigyny

Pollen grains Emerging Pollen tube

Pollen grain of ragweed- hayfever