ANGIOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS NOMENCLATURE OF ANGIOGRAPHIC VIEWS AP position

ANGIOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

NOMENCLATURE OF ANGIOGRAPHIC VIEWS • • • AP position RAO position LAO position Cranial position Caudal position

ANGIOGRAPHIC VIEWS FOR SPECIFIC CORONARY ARTERY SEGMENTS • Left Main • Proximal LAD • Mid LAD • Distal LAD • Diagonal AP LAO cranial LAO caudal LAO cranial RAO cranial Lateral AP RAO cranial Lateral LAO cranial RAO cranial

• Proximal circumflex • Intermediate • Obtuse marginal • Proximal RCA • Mid RCA • Distal RCA • PDA • Posterolateral RAO cranial LAO caudal RAO caudal LAO caudal RAO cranial LAO Lateral RAO LAO cranial Lateral LAO cranial RAO cranial

DEGREE OF ANGULATION • Left Coronary Artery LAO - 300 - 450 Cranial - 200 - 300 Caudal - 200 - 300 RAO - 300 - 450 • Right Coronary Artery LAO - 300 - 450 Cranial - 150 - 200 RAO - 300 - 450

COMMON ANGIOGRAPHIC VIEWS OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE • Biplane cineangiography is require • For VSD LAO 500 – 600 Cranial 200 – 300 • For ASD (Hepatoclavicular angiographic view) LAO 500 – 600 Cranial 200 – 300

• For transposition of great arteries(Laid back angiographic view) Steep AP caudal - 350 • Proximal branch pulmonary artery anatomy Steep AP cranial - 350

Causes of Poor Angiograms • PATIENT FACTORS Size Movement Hardware (Pacemaker, Harrison rods, multiple surgery with clips) • Angiographer Factors Poor catheter seating Poor contrast injection • Equipment Factors X-ray generated problem X-ray tube problem Image intensifier problem

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