Andrea Scarpato as 817le ac uk Merging Powers

Andrea Scarpato as 817@le. ac. uk “Merging Powers, Ideologies and Social Conflicts : Sparta and Crete in the Chremonidean War”

Launey (1949) “Le monde hellénistique est, pour une bonne part, un monde militaire. La guerre constitue son état naturel” Eckstein (2006) “A world of multipolarity and unstable balances of power with the prevalence of war” The Hellenistic World and War

Mediterranean Scene

William James (1910) Social Sphere

Chremonidean War

Objectives • Re-evaluate the dynamics of the War • Re-assess the number of protagonists involved • Investigate the role of Cretan poleis in the conflict • Evaluate the ideological change in Spartan royal identity

Decree of Chremonides IG II 2 678 ; Syll. 3 434 -5; Schmitt n° 476 ll. 15 -26: King Ptolemy; people of Athens; Lacedaemonians; Eleans; Acheans; Tegeates; Mantineans; Orchomenians; Phigaleians; Caphyeans; all the Cretans who are in alliance with the Lacedaemonians and Areus and other allies.

• Caphyae

Silver tetradrachm of King Areus I (struck c. 267 -265 BC). Obv. Head of Herakles wearing a lion’s skin headdress (right/front). Rev. [ΒΑΣΙΛΕOΣ ΑΡΕΟΣ] Zeus seated in his throne, with eagle standing on his right hand a scepter in his left.

A Mediterranean Bridge

• Caphyae

Thanks for your attention

Bibliography Contributions about the Chremonidean War in Chronological Order Ferguson W. S. (1911), Hellenistic Athens, London Tarn W. W. (1913), Antigonos Gonatas, Oxford Beloch K. J. (1922 -19272), Griechische Geschichte, III-IV, Berlin/Leipzig Cloché P. (1946), , La politique extérieure de Lacédémone depuis la mort d’Agis III jusqu’à celle d’Acrotatos, fils d’Areus Ier, Revue des Etudes Anciennes n. 48, p. 29 -61 Mc. Credie J. R. (1966), Fortified Military Camps in Attica, Hesperia, Supplement XI Heinen H. (1972), Untersuchungen zur Hellenistischen Geschichte des 3. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. Zur Geschichte der Zeit des Ptolemaios Keraunos und zum chremonideischen Krieg, Historia 20, Marasco G. (1980), Sparta agli inizi dell’Età Ellenistica: il regno di Areo I (309/8 – 265/4 a. C. ), Firenze Christien J. (1987), Les forteresses de la côte orientale de la Laconie et la guerre de Chémonides, KTEMA 12, p. 111 -126 O’Neil J. L. (2008), A Re-examination of the Chremonidean War, in Mc. Kechmie P. and Guillame P. (eds. ), Ptolemy II Philadelphus and his World (Mnemosyne Supplements, 300; , Leiden-Boston: Brill), p. 65 -89 Contributions about Cretan poleis in the Chremonidean War in Chronological Order Cardinali G. (1901 -1902), Creta e le Grandi potenze ellenistiche sino alla Guerra di Litto, Rivista di Storia Antica, IX Van Effenterre H. (1948), La Crète et le Monde Grec de Platon a Polybe, Paris Spyridakis S. (1970), Ptolemaic Itanos and Hellenistic Crete, Los Angeles/London Other Bibliography Launey M. (1949), Recherches sur les armées hellénistiques, Paris Eckstein A. M. (2006), Mediterranean Anarchy, Interstate War, and The Rise of Rome, Berkeley/Los Angeles/London James W. (1971), The Moral Equivalent of War (1910) and other Essays/ Some Problems of Philosophy, London