ANCIENT ROME Roman Power Grows Roman power grew

ANCIENT ROME

Roman Power Grows • Roman power grew slowly and steadily • Eventually conquered all of Italy

The Defeated People • Rome was lenient to the people they conquered – They were allowed to be full citizens if they lived on the Tiber – Those who lived further away had citizenship but could not vote. (allies)

City- State of Carthage • Trading post established by Phoenicians who called it Carthage • Carthage becomes an independent state • Grew to one of the most powerful cities in the ancient world until…. • They controlled trade in Northern Africa and Southern Europe!

The Punic Wars • Eventually Rome and Carthage began to fight over trade in the Mediterranean Sea • They both wanted the Island of Sicily! • They fought 3 battles

The First Punic War 264 BC-241 BC • Punicus= Latin for Phoenician • Fought over Sicily for 23 years (Rome created a navy to fight at sea) • Carthage lost • This was Rome’s first province (territory)

The Second Punic War 218 BC – 202 BC • Carthage decided to expand into Southern Spain (Rome helped Spaniards rebel) • Carthage was led by HANNIBAL-a brilliant general. • He used 50, 000 men, 9, 000 cavalry and 60 elephants. • To surprise Rome he went through the Alps, into Italy (half died from the horrible journey, all almost all elephants)

The Second Punic War • For 15 years, Hannibal moved across Italy dominating • Finally a Roman general name Scipio defeated Hannibal. • Rome gained Spain • Rome now ruled the Western Mediterranean!

The Third Punic War 149 BC -146 BC • By this time, Carthage was no longer a threat- they just stayed a trading center and there was peace for 50 years • Cato- an influential Roman senator reminded them of the terror Hannibal laid on Italy and wanted them destroyed • Romans burned Carthage and sold all of Carthaginians into slavery! (50, 000 men, women, and children) • Later, Macedonia and Greece were under Roman rule, and even a province in Asia.

Rome In Control • Rome called the Mediterranean Sea: mare nostrum, which means, “our sea”.

Your Turn! • List two effects of the PUNIC WARS on Rome (Complete sentence, re-state the question)

Julius Caesar • Ambitious military commander • Conquest of Gaul • Secret crossing of the Rubicon River • “Veni, vedi, vici” (I came, I saw, I conquered) • Forced Senate to make him a dictator for life

ASSASSINATION OF CAESAR • Caesar’s enemies worried he would make himself king of Rome and be too powerful • Plot against him to save the Republic • 44 BC killed by Brutus and Cassius in the Senate