Ancient Rome Geography 1 Geography Rome is located

Ancient Rome

Geography

1. Geography Rome is located in ITALY � Italy is a long, narrow peninsula. � The Alps are a mountain range that separate Italy from European lands to the north. � The Apennines are another mountain range that run all along Italy. �

2. Greece vs. Rome � Both Italy and Greece have mountain ranges � The Apennines are not as rugged as the mountains of Greece, so…. � They are easier to cross!

3. So…? � The people who settled in Italy were not split up into small, isolated communities as the Greeks were � Italy also had better farmland than Greece � It’s mountain slopes level off to large flat plains that are ideal for growing crops. � Since they were able to produce more food, they could support more people!

4. Water Sources � Rome was about 15 miles up the Tiber River from the Mediterranean Sea. � The river gave the Romans a source of water and a way to the rest of the Mediterranean world.

5. Mediterranean Sea � Although close enough to the Mediterranean Sea for travel, Rome was far enough away to avoid raids by pirates.

Complete the Ancient Rome Map

6. How did Rome begin? �There are two legends: �Romulus and Remus Legend �Legend of Aeneas

7. Are the Legends true? �Historians believe that Latins lived in the area known as “Rome” and decided to band together for protection. �The civilization they created came to be known as “Rome”.

Complete the “Romulus and Remus Comic Strip”

8. The Birth of a Republic �The Etruscans ruled Rome for over 100 years. �The ruling family called the Tarquins grew very cruel. �Finally, in 509 B. C. , the Romans rebelled and set up a republic.

9. A Republic �A form of government in which the leader is not a King or Queen but someone put in office by citizens with the right to vote

10. Rome’s Government �Rome had a tripartite (a three-part government).

11. A Three Part Government �One group ran the government �The second group made the laws �The third group acted as judges

12. Patricians and Plebeians �Patricians are wealthy landowners. They make up Rome’s ruling class. �Plebians make up most of Rome’s people. They are artisans, shopkeepers, and farmers.

13. Consuls �Two consuls are chosen every year. They are both always patricians. �They controlled the army and ran the government. �They can veto each other.

14. Praetors �Main job was to interpret the law and act as judges in court

• Advisors to the consuls • Held office for life • Decided how $ would be spent • Chose dictator in emergency Assembly of Tribes • 2 consuls • Acted as judges • Oversaw the army • Chose senate members Senate Assembly of Centuries 15. Government Structure • Citizens grouped into tribes • Elected consuls • Voted on laws sugg. By officials • Could veto laws • Magistrates

16. The Twelve Tables �Rome’s first code of laws �Before this the laws were not written down �Plebeians claimed that Patrician judges favored their own class �Laws were carved on bronze tablets and placed in the marketplace

Complete the Twelve Tables Foldable Activity

17. Social Structure Patricians Plebeians Women Slaves

18. Social Structure (cnt. ) � People of different classes dressed differently � Only the emperor could wear purple � Senators wore a white toga

19. Social Structure (cnt. ) �Members of the upper class offered protection to plebeians �In return, they received respect and political favors

20. Rights and Responsibilities of Roman citizens �Rights: Right to a fair trial � Right to be a priest � Right to vote � Right to serve as a magistrate � �Responsibilities Serve in the military � Pay taxes � Vote �

21. The Republic Falls �The Republic was facing several problems: � 1. Rome needed tax money to run the republic � 2. Elected officials were using their positions to get rich � 3. Rome did not have a police force

Complete the “Roman Republic” Reading

22. So… Now what? ! �Julius Caesar, a respected and famous general, told the people “I can solve Rome’s problems!”

23. Julius Caesar �Held almost every important title in the Roman Republic �Most of his laws were approved by the Senate �He reorganized the army �Improved the way provinces were governed

24. What did Caesar do? �Entered Rome with the Roman legion and took over the government �Called the “Father of their Homeland”

25. Julius Caesar’s Reign �Ruled Rome as a dictator/consul �Took this position “for life” �Assassinated by Cassius and Brutus in 44 BC �His assassination sparked civil wars

Complete the Julius Caesar Murder Report

26. Republic to Empire �Caesar’s death plunged Rome into a civil war �On one side there were forces led by the men who had killed Caesar �On the other side were Caesar’s grandnephew, Octavian, and two of Caesar’s top generals, Antony and Lepidus

27. The Second Triumvirate �Octavian, Lepidus, and Antony formed the second Triumvirate �Octavian forced Lepidus to retire from politics �Octavian and Antony split the empire between themselves

28. Octavian declares war �Antony falls in love with the Egyptian Queen Cleopatra �Octavian is afraid that they will try to make themselves sole rulers of the republic, so he declares war �Octavian is victorious at the Battle of Actium �Antony and Cleopatra commit suicide

29. Republic to Empire �Octavian lays the foundation for a new system of government �He calls himself “Augustus”, meaning “the reverend or majestic one” �He gave some power to the Senate because many people wanted a Republic, but he really put himself in charge

30. Augustus �Built a permanent, professional army �Created the Praetorian Guard �Appointed a governor for each of Rome’s provinces �Reformed the Roman tax system �Created a set of laws for people in the provinces who were not citizens

31. Trade and Expansion �Luxury items like silk from China and spices from India poured in �In order to accommodate the large amount of trade being done, the Romans built a huge transportation network �The roads reached a total of 50, 000 miles �The Roman Navy helped rid the Mediterranean Sea of pirates

32. Aquaducts �The Romans built aquaducts to bring in water from distant sources

33. Roman Architecture �Arches and Domes �Arches supported bridges, aqueducts, and buildings �Romans came up with a technique called the “vault”, a curved ceiling �They were also the first to invent and use concrete

31. Roman Architecture

34. Entertainment �To keep the poor from rioting, the Roman government provided free entertainment in the form of: �Gladiators �Chariot Races �This was called “bread and circuses” – free food and shows

35. Roman Religion �Romans worshipped many of the same Gods as the Greeks, but they renamed them �Zeus (Greek) – Jupiter (Roman) �Aphrodite (Greek) – Venus (Roman) �Roman emperors were also worshipped

36. Rise of Christianity �Romans took over Judah, an Israeli city and turned it into a Roman province �A man named Jesus from Nazareth began traveling and preaching �He taught that it was important to love God and your neighbors �He refused to worship the Roman Emperors, saying that there was only one God

35. Jesus of Nazareth �Seen as a rebel, Jesus was crucified by the Romans �After his death, his followers claimed that he had risen from the dead �These claims lead to the rise of a new religion, Christianity

37. Apostles �A couple of Jesus’ followers became early Christian leaders, working to spread his message �Their names were Paul of Tarsus and Peter

37. How did the Romans treat Christians? �At first the Romans viewed Christians as a threat and mistreated, or persecuted, them �However, the last great persecution of Christians failed �In 312 AD the Roman emperor Constantine made Christianity legal

38. The Fall of Rome �Rome’s government became corrupt �The economy was weak �Emperors Diocletian and Constantine both try reforms to save the Empire, but fail �Rome is invaded by Germanic Troops

Complete the Fall of Rome Assignment