Ancient Rome Early Settlers of Rome circa 1000

Ancient Rome

Early Settlers of Rome – circa 1000 -500 BCE n Latins ¡ ¡ n early tribe settled Italian peninsula Etruscans ¡ ¡ ¡ settled north of Tiber R. conquered Latins advanced traders, iron workers, paved roads, sewers, developed written form of Latin n Greeks ¡ ¡ settled south Italy Brought trade, religion

Rome n n n Founded by the Latins circa 2000 BC Legendary founding story - Romulus and Remus & the She-Wolf Monarchy ¡ n Etruscans Republic ¡ 509 -31 BC

Rome – Punic Wars ¡ ¡ ¡ Between Rome and Carthage (Civilization in North Africa) Struggle for dominance of trade in the Mediterranean Sea 246 -146 BC

n Territory of the Republic after the wars end (Rome – victorious) ¡ By 100 BC - Asia Minor, North Africa, Europe (South of Danube R. & Medit. world

Politics of the Republic n Republic ¡ n Form of gov’t - citizens elect representatives to vote for them Military solutions ¡ ¡ Rome believed in using military to deal with problems Honor to serve in Roman Legions

The Roman Legions

Politics of the Republic n Patricians ¡ ¡ Aristocrat Large landowner Held public office Had representative in Senate n Plebeians ¡ ¡ ¡ Commoners Artists Business men Representatives in Assembly Little power

Politics of the Republic n Changes ¡ ¡ Plebeians selected tribunes with veto power to Senate Right to intermarry with patricians All citizens had the right to hold office Few commoners could afford to quit work to serve

Eventually Rome Grew Too Big n n n Peasants became serfs Unemployment Lack of loyalty among legions

Causes for the Fall of the Republic n n Widening gap between rich and poor Political parties ¡ n n Looked after their own interests Military involved in politics Dictatorships starting

First Triumvirate n Pompey, Crassus, Sulla ¡ ¡ ¡ All saw Julius Caesar as a threat Caesar sent to Gaul Caesar returns victorious n ¡ ¡ “crosses the Rubicon Became dictator 46 BC Assassinated in 44 BC

Second Triumvirate n n n Marc Antony, Lepidus, Octavian Civil war between 2 nd Tri. And Caesar’s assassins Civil war between Marc Antony and Octavian victorious Becomes emperor in 31 BC Changes name to Augustus Caesar

Roman Empire Begins

LEGACY OF ANCIENT ROME ENGINEERING n Road building Separation of Powers GOVERNMENT POLITICS • • • Representative Dem. – Republic Checks and Balances Civil Service – Effective Administration Citizenship as a right granted by gov’t n n techniques Aqueducts Use of Concrete Large capacity stadiums and arenas The dome

Reconstructed drawing of the coliseum of Rome

A huge arena that could hold 50, 000 for sporting events such as Gladiator and animal fights.

The Coliseum in Rome as it may have looked inside

The inside of the Coliseum in Rome